GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name:1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts (except paraquat dichloride)
CAS:4685-14-7

Result:
ID: 282
Classifier: Inter-ministerial Committee on GHS
Year Classified: FY2006
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Manual (10 Feb, 2006)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - Containing no chemical groups with explosive properties: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
7 Flammable solids Not classified - - - - Classified into Division 6.1 (UN#2781, bipyridinium pesticide, solid, toxic) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable (Diiodide), Not classified (Dimethylsulfate) - - - - Containing no chemical groups with explosive or self-reactive properties: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide. Not classified due to lack of data, though containing chemical groups (sulfonyl) with self-reactive properties: 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate. Classified into Division 6.1 (UN#2781, bipyridinium pesticide, solid, toxic) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified - - - - Classified into Division 6.1 (UN#2781, bipyridinium pesticide, solid, toxic) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified - - - - Classified into Division 6.1 (UN#2781, bipyridinium pesticide, solid, toxic) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - Containing no metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At): commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Classified as "solid" according to GHS definition: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable (Diiodide), Not classified (Dimethylsulfate) - - - - Not applicable (organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine and chlorine): commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide. Not classified due to lack of data, though being organic compounds containing oxygen bound to elements other than carbon and hydrogen: 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate. Classified into Division 6.1 (UN#2781, bipyridinium pesticide, solid, toxic) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Organic compounds containing no "-O-O-" structure: commercial 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=diiodide and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium=dimethylsulfate (WHO, 1991)
16 Corrosive to metals Not classified - - - - Classified into Division 6.1 (UN#2781, bipyridinium pesticide, solid, toxic) (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods)

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 3 Danger H301: Toxic if swallowed P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P330: Rinse mouth.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the LD50 (oral route) value of 100mg/kg calculated from the testing data of rat LD50 of 200 mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 110mg/kg and 126mg/kg (EHC 39 (1984)). Note: Classified using data on Cl salts
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Category 2 Danger H310: Fatal in contact with skin P302+P350: IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P322: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P361: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the LD 50 (dermal route) value of 80mg/kg representing the lower of the two data of LD50 value of 80mg/kg calculated from the rat LD50 of 90mg/kg, 80mg/kg and 350mg/kg (EHC 39 (1984)), and the LD50 of 236mg/kg calculated from the rabbit LD50 of 500mg/kg, 236mg/kg and 240mg/kg (EHC 39 (1984)). Note: Classified using data on Cl salts
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable - - - - Due to the fact that the substance is "solid" according to the GHS definition and inhalation of its gas is not expected.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Classification not possible - - - - No data available
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Category 1 Danger H330: Fatal if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P284: Wear respiratory protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P320: Specific treatment is urgent (see ... on this label).
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the LD 50 value of 0.005mg/L calculated from the testing data of rat LC50 (6-hour inhalation of dust) of 0.001mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.01mg/L and 0.006mg/L (EHC 39 (1984)). Note: Classified using data on Cl salts
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1A-1C Danger H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the description in the report on rat skin irritation tests (EHC 39 (1984)): "The substance induced dermatitis associated with erythema, edema, desquamation and necrosis." The substance is classified into Category 1A-1C given the absence of data on severity of corrosion, but should be placed in 1A, if further subclassification is needed.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Danger H318: Causes serious eye damage P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
Based on the description in the report on rabbit eye irritation tests (EHC 39 (1984)): "Concentrations of 62.5 and 125 g/L caused severe conjunctival reactions," suggesting the substance is a "severe eye irritant." The substance is classified as Category 1 or 2A in the absence of data on reversibility, but should be placed in Category 1, if further subclassification is needed. Note: Classified using data on Cl salts
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - No data available
4 Skin sensitization Not classified - - - - Based on the description in the report on guinea pig sensitization tests (EHC 39 (1984)): "No skin sensitization is observed."
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Not classified - - - - Based on negative data on multi-generation mutagenicity tests and the absence of data on germ/somatic cell mutagenicity tests in vivo, described in EHC 39 (1984).
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible - - - - Classification not possible based on expert judgment, given the absence of existing classification.
7 Reproductive toxicity Category 2 Warning H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the evidence of reduced pup viability (though no data are available on parental toxicity), described in EHC 39 (1984) and ACGIH (7th, 2001).
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (kidney, liver, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system) Danger H370: Causes damage to organs (kidney, liver, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system) P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the human evidence including "major organ damage: kidney and lung," "toxic myocarditis induced following ingestion of paraquat," "hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy in the whole central nervous system," and "fibrosis of pneumonitis/alveolar hemorrhagy, and renal tubular degeneration" (EHC 39 (1984)).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (respiratory system, liver, kidney, blood system) Danger H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (respiratory system, liver, kidney, blood system) P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Based on the evidence from animal studies including "alveolar edema," "distal renal tubular vacuolation and proximal renal tubular necrosis, hepatic centrolobular necrosis associated with proliferation of Kupffer cells and dilatation of bile ducts, and hemolytic anemia" (EHC 39 (1984)). The effects on experimental animals were observed at dosing levels within the guidance value ranges for Category 1.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Category 1 Warning H400: Very toxic to aquatic life P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
It was classified into Category 1 from 96 hours EbC50=0.075mg/L of the algae (Selenastrum) (IUCLID, 2000).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Category 1 Warning H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
Although acute toxicity is Category 1 and bio-accumulation is low (log Kow=-4.22(PHYSPROP Database, 2005)), since there was no rapidly degrading (BIOWIN), it was classified into Category 1.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference:
Reference Manual

Definitions / Abbreviations


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