GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name：Ammonia
CAS：7664-41-7

Result：
ID: 564
Classifier: Inter-ministerial Committee on GHS
Year Classified: FY2006
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Manual （10 Feb, 2006）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Category 1 Danger H220: Extremely flammable gas P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P377: Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P381: Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P403: Store in a well-ventilated place. 		Flammable range with air is 15-28 vol% (GESTIS-database on hazardous substances, 2nd, 1993)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products
4 Oxidizing gases Not classified - - - - UNRTDG No.1005, Class: 2.3, Subsidiary risks Class: 8
5 Gases under pressure Liquefied gas Warning H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated P410+P403: Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. Critical temp: 132.4degC (Merck, 13th, 2001)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
7 Flammable solids Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to gas substances are not available

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Classification not possible - - - - There is the report of the death in humans after ammonia solution ingestion (EHC 54 (1986)). But it is not gas data, it is not considered as the basis of the categories.
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Classification not possible - - - - Classification not possible due to lack of data
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Category 4 Warning H332: Harmful if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 		It was considered as Category 4 based on rat LC50 = 4608.7ppm (4-hour equivalent) (EHC 54 (1986)).
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1A-1C Danger H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Necrosis was observed in skin irritation test with ammonia solution on rabbits (IUCLID 2000). As for humans, there is a report of a remarkable stimulation, chemical burns, etc. on contacts with ammonia gas (DFGOTvol.6 (1992)), and it is regarded as a skin irritant also in the state of gas (IUCLID 2000). From what mentioned above, it was classified as Category 1A-1C.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Danger H318: Causes serious eye damage P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 		Conjunctival edema is observed ammonia postexposure to eye of rabbit (EHC 54 (1986)). If a burned is caused, the irreversible influence of eyeball adhesion, the ulcers and perforations of a cornea, permanent corneal cloudings, iritis, etc. is admitted (EHC 54 (1986), IUCLID (2000)). Furthermore, humans also had affect by contact directly for a rapid rates, and the eye disorders especially critical in high concentrations has occurred (EHC 54 (1986), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). It was set as Category 1 based on the above fact.
4 Respiratory sensitization Category 1 Danger H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P285: In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Two or more asthma or asthma-like symptoms by ammonia exposures have been reported by humans (ATSDR 2004, ACGIH (2001)). Based on the fact that a statistically significant relevance is indicated between ammonia gas exposure and the respiratory symptom including bronchial asthma by one report (ATSDR 2004) and that in a different report ammonia is made the asthmatic cause by the provocation test (ATSDR 2004). it was referred to as Category 1.
4 Skin sensitization Not classified - - - - Although there is no animal test data of NH3 itself, as it is in a form of gas at an ordinary temperature and normal pressure , its examination in solution is being carried out. As skin sensitization was clearly denied by the Open epicutaneous test using a guinea pigs (IUCLID 2000, it was put outside of the Category.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Category 2 Warning H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		The substance was classified as Category 2. Because there are increases in chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange in the study/analysis of the blood samples taken from people who have been exposed to ammonia and people who have not (ATSDR 2004), and there is a positive result from the in vivo mutagenicity test (the micronucleus test in mice: ATSDR (2004)).
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible - - - - There is no finding which suggests carcinogenicity as a result of mixing ammonia in drinking water and administration to mice for two years (EHC 54 (1986)), but there is also a description of tumors in the stomach and intestines (details unknown) (RTECS (2004)). Information is still more nearly need for a classification and it determined that "It cannot be classified."
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible - - - - There is only the description of decrease weight gain of 120-day old child in administration for pregnant and lactational period (ATSDR (2004)), but it is not obvious on the effect to reproductive potential in administration before pregnancy (premating), and so it cannot be classified since data is insufficient
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory system) Danger H370: Causes damage to organs (respiratory system) P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Since difficulty breathing, lung edema, bronchial pneumonias, etc. are reported in humans (DFGOTvol.6 (1992), ATSDR (2004), IRIS (1991), BSDB (2005)), and significant toxicity effects to the respiratory systems containing lungs, such as dyspnea, cyanosis, haemorrhage lung and pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonias, etc. are observed also in animal studies (EHC 54 (1986)), it was classified into Category 1 (respiratory systems). In addition, the toxic expressing levels presumed from animal data (EHC 54 (1986)) is also equivalent to the guidance value Category 1.
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 2 (lung) Warning H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (lung) P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In repeated inhalation study of rats, the interstitial pneumonias accompanied by a peribronchitis is seen in the range of the guidance value of Category 2 (EHC 54 (1986)), and the same clinical features as a contractile lung functional disorder, an obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. with chronic dyspnea is reported in humans who received occupational exposure of ammonia in large quantities (IUCLID (2000)). It was classified in Category 2 (lung) based on these facts. In addition, influence on lungs are seen in other animals, or in other examinations from which a test condition differs (EHC 54 (1986), IUCLID 2000).
10 Aspiration hazard Not applicable - - - - Gas (GHS definition)

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） Category 1 Warning H400: Very toxic to aquatic life P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It was classified into Category 1 from 96-hour LC50=0.083mg NH3/L of fishes (Pink salmon) (EHC54, 1986).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） Category 1 Warning H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Classified into Category 1, since acute toxicity was Category 1, and behavior in water and bioaccumulative potential are unknown.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
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Model SDS by MHLW

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