GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name：dicopper oxide; copper (I) oxide
CAS：1317-39-1

Result：
ID: 20A2219
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2008
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （Sep, 2008）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
7 Flammable solid Not classified - - - - The substance is a solid that is not combustible (ICSC (1997)) and not flammable (IUCLID (2000)).
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified - - - - The substance is a non-flammable solid.
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified - - - - The substance is a solid that is not combustible (ICSC (1997)) and not flammable (IUCLID (2000)).
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified - - - - The substance is stable in contact with water. (water solubility: < 0.007 mg/L at 25degC (IUCLID (2000)); it is practically insoluble in water (PM (14th, 2006); Merck (14th, 2006)).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
14 Oxidizing solids Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Not an organic compound.
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Category 4 Warning H302: Harmful if swallowed P301+P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P330: Rinse mouth.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Its rat LD50 values are 470 mg/kg bw (EHC 200 (1998)) and 1340 mg/kg bw (OECD TG 401) (IUCLID (2000)), both of which fall under Category 4.
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Not classified - - - - Its rat LD50 value is > 2000 mg/kg bw (OECD TG 402 GLP) (IUCLID (2000)), which fall under the "Not classified" category based on the JIS classification criteria (Category 5 in the UN classification).
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Category 4 Warning H332: Harmful if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 		Based on documented rat LC50 values of ca. 5 mg/L (OECD TG 403 GLP) (IUCLID (2000)) and > 50 mg/L (OECD TG 403 GLP) (IUCLID (2000)), the substance was classified into Category 4, which represents higher hazard than the other category option. (Its saturated vapour concentration is <= 5.7*10^-7 mg/L.)
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Not classified - - - - Based on the rabbit test (OECD TG 404 GLP), which concluded that the substance was not irritating (IUCLID (2000)), it was classified into "Not classified".
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2 Warning H319: Causes serious eye irritation P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 		In rabbit tests (OECD TG 405 GLP), the substance was found to be irritating (EC classification) or slightly irritating (IUCLID (2000)). In addition, there is the epidemiological information (HSDB (2003)) that transient irritation of the eyes had followed exposure to a fine dust of oxidation products of copper produced in an electric arc. Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 2.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible - - - - Maximization tests using guinea pigs (OECD TG 406) concluded that the substance was not sensitizing (IUCLID (2000)). However, there are no other datasets that justify the placement of the substance into the "Not classified" category. Thus, the substance was classified into "Classification not possible" due to insufficient data available.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible - - - - According to the epidemiological information (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)), sexual impotence was observed in workers who engaged in copper refining electrically. In addition, there are reports that a piece of medical equipment made of copper that is used in the uterus possibly contributes to the production of undifferenciated blastocytes or the inhibition of implantation (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)). However, it is not described whether the copper used is of metallic copper or copper oxide. Since these data alone do not provide sufficient information for the evaluation of copper (I) oxide toxicity, classification is not possible.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (systemic toxicity), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) Danger
Warning 		H370: Causes damage to organs (systemic toxicity)
H335: May cause respiratory irritation (respiratory tract irritation) 		P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 		The acute inhalation of copper fume during refining or welding processes may cause typical metal fume fever with upper respiratory irritation, chills, and aching muscles; and a number of workers who developed copper fume fever had serum copper levels which averaged 1.26 mg/l (HSDB (2003)). In addition, workers who cut brass pipes with electric torch developed metal fume fever, with its symptoms including fever, dyspnea, chills, headache, and nausea (HSDB (2003)). Inhalation of copper fume results in irritation of the upper respiratory tract and an influenza-like illness termed metal fume fever. Signs and symptoms of metal fume fever include fever, chills, dry throat cough, and lassitude. There is usually leucocytosis; recovery is usually rapid, and there are no sequelae (HSDB (2003)). Although these pieces of epidemiological information do not specifically state that copper (I) oxide is the cause of these symptoms, copper fumes presumably contain copper (I) oxide. Therefore, the substance was classified into Category 1 (systemic toxicity) and Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Classification not possible - - - - In 14-week inhalation tests using rats, a change in serum components (e.g., TP, bilirubin, and cholesterol) by exposure of 0.004mg/L/6H or number of erythrocytes was observed (RTECS (2008)). Although these effects on the blood are suspected within the range of Category 1 guidance values, detailed information is not provided. Other than the aforementioned data, no appropriate information is available, so, classification is not possible due to insufficient data.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） Category 1 Warning H400: Very toxic to aquatic life P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Since its 48-hour EC50 = 0.026 mg/L for crustaceans (Daphnia magna) (EHC 200 1998), the substance was classified into Category 1.
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） Category 1 Warning H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Since it is not considered rapidly degradable as it is a metal compound, and its classification for acute toxicity is Category 1, the substance was classified into Category 1.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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