GHS Classification Result

Chemical Name：Ligroine; Low boiling point naphtha
CAS：8032-32-4

Result：
ID: 20A2248
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2008
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （Sep, 2008）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - Due to dissociation of nitrogen and oxygen from hydrocarbon through the formation of ammonia and water, the saturation of unsaturated bonds and the deposition and separation of its metal components by the catalysts during the hydrorefining process, the substance does not contain chemical groups associated with explosive properties.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
6 Flammable liquids Category 2 Danger H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... for extinction.
P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. ? No smoking.
P233: Keep container tightly closed.
P240: Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/.../equipment.
P242: Use only non-sparking tools.
P243: Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Since its flash point is >= -17.8degC (Chemical Substances Safety Data Book, 1997), and its initial boiling point is between 40 and 120degC (Merck 14th, 2006; Sax 11th, 2004; Chemical Substances Safety Data Book, 1997), the substance was classified into Category 2.
7 Flammable solid Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - Due to dissociation of nitrogen and oxygen from hydrocarbon through the formation of ammonia and water, the saturation of unsaturated bonds and the deposition and separation of its metal components by the catalysts during the hydrorefining process, the substance does not contain chemical groups associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified - - - - Its autoignition point is 550degF (unit-conversion value: 288degC) (Sax 11th, 2004) and 288degC (Chemical Substances Safety Data Book, 1997). According to classification guidelines, a substance with its autoignition point >= 70 falls under "Not classified" category.
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable - - - - Due to deposition and separation of its metal components by the catalysts during the hydrorefining process, the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, and At).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Due to dissociation of oxygen from hydrocarbon through water formation, and the deposition and separation of its metal components by the catalysts during the hydrorefining process, the substance does not contain oxygen or halogen.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Due to dissociation of oxygen from hydrocarbon through water formation during the hydrorefining process, the substance is considered as an organic compound containing no bivalent -O-O- structure.
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Not classified - - - - Based on rat LD50 value documented: > 25.0 ml/kg (conversion value: > 15875 mg/kg bw, based on its specific gravity of 0.635 (Sax 11th, 2004) ) (EHC 20, 1982), the substance was classified into "Not classified".
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Not classified - - - - Based on rabbit LD50 value (4h) documented: > 5.0 ml/kg (conversion value: > 3175 mg/kg bw, based on its specific gravity of 0.635 (Sax 11th, 2004) (EHC 20, 1982), the substance was classified into "Not classified". It is uncertain if the substance is to be rated as Category 5 in the United Nations classification.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Liquid (room temperature)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Category 4 Warning H332: Harmful if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 		Its rat LC50 value (4h) of 14000-16000 ppm (EHC 20, 1982) is documented. Its saturated vapour pressure concentration (calculated based on the vapour pressure of 40 mmHg at 20degC (HSDB, 2005)) is approximately 52632 ppm. Since the documented LC50 value is <=90% of the saturated vapour pressure concentration, classification was conducted using ppmV concentration criteria for vapour with almost no included mists. Thus, based on the LC50 value (4h) of 14000-16000 ppm, the substance was classified into Category 4.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Classification not possible - - - - Its rat LC50 value (4h) of 73680 ppm (EHC 20, 1982) is documented. Its saturated vapour pressure concentration (calculated based on the vapour pressure of 40 mmHg at 20degC (HSDB, 2005)) is approximately 52632 ppm. Since the documented LC50 value is >= saturated vapour pressure concentration, classification was conducted for mist. However, since its molecular weight cannot be identified, the unit cannot be converted from ppm to mg/L. As such, the substance was classified into "Classification not possible".
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 Warning H315: Causes skin irritation P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. 		There is a description that the application of this substance on the skin of forearms of three men for 10-30 minutes caused serious irritation (EHC 20, 1982; HSDB, 2005). It is also documented on the toxicity of this substance that is known to be the cause of erythema, edema, disruption of the horny layer, and peeling (Patty 5th, 2001). There are two rabbits tests (EHC 20, 1982), one resulted Draize score of 1.92 (equivalent to Category 3 in the United Nations classifications) and other resulted Draize score of 1.13 which is equivalent to "Not classified" category. However, weighing the effects on humans over those results on rabbits, the substance was classified into Category 2.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2 Warning H319: Causes serious eye irritation P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+P313: If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 		In two rabbit tests (EHC 20, 1982), the substance was documented to be minimally irritating. In addition, it is reported that the substance irritates the eyes and skin by contact (HSFS, 2007). Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 2. With lack of information on recoverability of the eyes, refined categorization was not conducted.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible - - - - Although no data are available on this substance, its evaluation as a petroleum solvent indicated the possibility that repeated contact with the skin may rarely cause allergic contact dermatitis (EHC 20, 1982).
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible - - - - No data on in vivo tests are available; and only negative results have been obtained from in vitro mutagenicity tests (Ames tests and chromosomal aberration tests using CHO cells) (IARC vol. 47, 1989). As such, the substance was classified into "Classification not possible".
6 Carcinogenicity Not classified - - - - According to the IARC, the substance is categorized into Group 3 (equivalent to "Not classified" category) in an overall evaluation of petroleum solvents (IARC vol. 47, 1989). The substance's EU Risk Phrase is Category 2; R45 (equivalent to Category 1B), but only when it contains 0.1% or more of benzene (EU-Annex 1, accessed in September 2008; GESTIS, accessed in September 2008). Based on the report that the substance contains hardly any benzene today (IARC vol. 47, 1989), it was classified into "Not classified" in accordance with the IARC's evaluation. According to the case-control studies targeting at rubber manufacturing workers (6678 males) at five locations in the USA, exposure to this substance caused an increase in relative risk of prostatic cancer and lymphatic leukemia. However, the number of cases in each category is small, multiple exposures were evaluated independently of other exposures, and none of the associations is significant (IARC vol. 47, 1989). Regarding case-control studies conducted in Canada (IARC vol. 47, 1989), as the exposure material contained this substance as well as other substances, these studies were not taken into consideration for the classification of this substance.
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible - - - - In an inhalation test using rats, specific developmental abnormalities were observed in musculoskeletal system, showing effects on behavior of neonates (RTECS, 2007; original literature: GISAAA Gigiena I Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- 56(9), 35, 1991); however, no detailed information on this test and the test substance is not available, and no other tests are documented. Thus, the substance was classified into "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 3 （Respiratory tract irritation, Narcotic effects） Warning H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)
H335: May cause respiratory irritation (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects) 		P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		As general poisoning symptoms in humans, peripheral nerve disorders, CNS depression, and skin and respiratory irritation are documented (Patty 5th, 2001). As symptoms of overexposure or inhalation exposure, CNS depression and irritation of respiratory tracts are reported (HSDB, 2005). As acute neurotoxic effects, anesthesia, euphoria, vertigo, and limb numbness are recorded (HSDB, 2005). In addition, there is a description that the accidental use of the substance as an anesthetic drug may cause reversible cerebral edema (Patty 5th, 2001). In animal studies, though animal species used were unknown, narcotic effects and irritation to respiratory tracts were detected in inhalation tests (EHC 20, 1982). Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation and narcotic effects).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (nervous system) Danger H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (nervous system) P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It is documented that factory workers exposed to this substance, with its air concentration between 2.25 and 5.625 mg/L, showed polyneuropathy, and the workers complained of insomnia, irritability, and other non-specific CNS symptoms (EHC 20, 1982). In addition, under the working environment in which the workers underwent a long-term inhalation exposure of the substance due to insufficient ventilation, they developed polyneuropathy, which includes symptoms such as loss of appetite, muscle weakness, impairment of motor action, and paresthesia (Patty 5th, 2001). Furthermore, as chronic neurotoxic effects, motor poluneuropathy is listed (HSDB, 2005). In 24-week inhalation exposure tests using rats, though exact exposure concentrations are unknown, a slight decrease in functions of the peripheral nervous system was observed (IARC vol. 47, 1989). Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 1 (nervous system). In inhalation exposure tests using rats that lasted for 1 to 6 months, nerve-related effects (decrease in conduction-velocity, increase in refractory period, and decrease in excitability) were observed. However, because of the description that test methods were not sufficiently rigorous (EHC 20, 1982), this study was not taken into consideration for the classification of this substance.
10 Aspiration hazard Category 1 Danger H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P331: Do NOT induce vomiting.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In humans, this substance, which may be contained in furniture polish or lighter fluid, if ingested by children, is a cause of chemical pneumonia and pneumatoceles (Patty 5th, 2001). In addition, aspiration of liquid may induce chemical pneumonia (HSDB, 2005). And the substance's EU Risk Phrase is R65 (EU-Annex 1, accessed in September 2008). Based on this information, the substance was classified into Category 1.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） Classification not possible - - - - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） Classification not possible - - - - Classification not possible due to lack of data.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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