GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：Nickel
CAS：7440-02-0

Result：
ID: 20A2365
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2008
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （Sep, 2008）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
7 Flammable solid Classification not possible - - - - Since the shape of the particles of this substance were not specified and no other data is available, the classification of the substance is not possible. In addition, based on the ICSC (2004), the dust of the substance is inflammable, and according to Sax (11th, 2004), the risk of fire and explosion generally increases as powder form of the metal becomes finer. As additional background information, the UNRTDG rated flammable metal powder (Not Otherwise Specified) as Division 4.1 and packing group II and III (UN No. 3089), which falls under Category 1 or 2.
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified - - - - It is stable in the air at room temperature (Merck (13th, 2001)).
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified - - - - It is stable in the air at room temperature, and does not react with water (Merck (13th, 2001)). In addition, since it does not mix with water (Hommel, 1996), the substance was classified into the "Not classified" category.
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable - - - - It is an element containing no oxygen, fluorine, or chlorine.
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - It is an element.
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Not classified - - - - The rat LD50 of > 9000 mg/kg (ECETOC TR No. 33 (1989)) falls under the "Not classified" category.
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Classification not possible - - - - The substance was classified into the "Classification not possible" category due to lack of animal test results. In a human epidemiological case, the 90-minute inhalation exposure to an estimated concentration of 382 mg Ni/m3 resulted in death from respiratory distress syndrome after 13 days (ATSDR (2005)).
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
4 Respiratory sensitization Category 1 Danger H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P285: In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It is rated as a respiratory tract sensitizers (Group 2) by the Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 2008). Similarly, it is rated as a respiratory tract sensitizer by Japanese Society of Occupational and Environmental Allergy (2004) and the DFG (MAK/BAT No. 43 (2007)). Based on these ratings, it was classified into Category 1.
4 Skin sensitization Category 1 Warning H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P333+P313: If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In human cases, eczema (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008); EHC No. 108 (1991)), contact dermatitis (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008); EHC No. 108 (1991); IARC vol. 49 (1990)), and positive reaction to patch tests (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008); EHC No. 108 (1991)) have been reported. In addition, it is rated as a skin sensitizer (Group 1) by the Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 2008). Similarly, it is rated as a skin sensitizer by Japanese Society of Occupational and Environmental Allergy (2004) and the DFG (MAK/BAT No.43 (2007)). Thus, it was classified into Category 1.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible - - - - A chromosomal aberration test using alveolar macrophages of rats that underwent inhalation exposure gave positive results (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008)). However, this test was conducted using unconventional methods and no other in vivo test results are available. As such, the substance was classified into the "Classification not possible" category. Regarding in vitro mutagenicity tests, both a chromosomal aberration test using human lymphocytes (IARC vol. 49 (1990) and a mutation test using TK6 human lymphoblasts (Risk Assessment Documents 19 (2006)) produced negative results.
6 Carcinogenicity Category 2 Warning H351: Suspected of causing cancer P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		According to previously conducted classifications, the substance was rated as "2B" by the IARC (IARC (1990)), "R" by the NTP (NTP (2005)), and "Carc. Cat. 3; R40" by the EU (EU (2007)). Based on these ratings, the substance was classified into Category 2. Development of cancer and sarcomas were detected in rats that received the substance through inhalation, subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections, intrapleural injections, or intraperitoneal injections in carcinogenicity tests (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008); IARC vol. 49 (1990); Risk Assessment Documents 19 (2006)).
7 Reproductive toxicity Category 1B Danger H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In rats that received up to 250 ppm concentration of the substance through oral administration in drinking water, decreased body weight in offspring, increased death cases in progenies during pre- and postpartum periods, cases of pre-implantation loss, and cases of malformation of offsprings were observed (Teratogenic (12th, 2007)). These results indicate that the substance is toxic to development of animals at doses that are not generally toxic to parental animals. Thus, the substance was classified into Category 1B.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory system, kidney) Danger H370: Causes damage to organs (respiratory system, kidney) P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In inhalation exposure tests (intratracheal single administration) using male rats, pneumocyte damage was induced at 0.5 mg or higher doses (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008)). In addition, in humans exposed to the substance through inhalation, alveolar wall damage and edema in alveolar spaces, and marked tubular necrosis in the kidneys were noted (ATSDR (2005)). Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory system and kidney).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (respiratory system) Danger H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (respiratory system) P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		In a 13-week inhalation exposure test using rats (OECD TG 413), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary granulomatous inflammation were noted in female rats and pulmonary mononuclear cell infiltration was detected in male rats at 1 mg/m3 (0.001 mg/L) or higher doses, which fall under Category 1 guidance doses (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) ver. 1.0, No. 69 (2008)). In addition, in a 21-month inhalation exposure test using rats, pleuritis, pneumonia, blood congestion, and edema were noted at the dose of 15 mg/m3 (0.015 mg/L), which falls under Category 1 guidance doses (CaPSAR (1994)). Similarly, in a 6-month inhalation exposure test using rabbits, pneumonia was induced at 1 mg/m3 (0.001 mg/L). Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory system). In the EU classification, the substance is rated as T; R48/23.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） - - - - - -
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） - - - - - -


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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