NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, (Mustard gas)
CAS：505-60-2

Result：


ID:	21B3048
Classifier:	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified:	FY2009
Reference Manual:	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.
2	Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Not aerosol products
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified	-	-	-	-	Flash point 105 degC (Sax (8th, 1992)) is >93 degC.
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine (but not fluorine or oxygen) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity （Oral）	Category 2		Danger	H300: Fatal if swallowed	P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P330: Rinse mouth. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on a LD50 value of 17 mg/kg for rats (ATSDR (2003)), the substance was classified into Category 2.
1	Acute toxicity （Dermal）	Category 1		Danger	H310: Fatal in contact with skin	P302+P350: IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P322: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P361: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on LD50 values of 100 mg/kg for rabbits (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)), 18 mg/kg (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)) and 9 mg/kg (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)) for rats, the category with higher hazard was adopted and the substance was classified into Category 1.
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases）	Not applicable	-	-	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours）	Category 1		Danger	H330: Fatal if inhaled	P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P284: Wear respiratory protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P320: Specific treatment is urgent （see ... on this label）. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	LC50 values are 100 mg/m3/10 min (15 ppm/10 min.) and 280 mg/m3/10 min (43 ppm/10 min) for rats (HSDB (2008)). Since a lethal effect was observed for 10 minute exposures at the concentration of the criterion value or lower for Category 1 (100 ppm for gas, based on saturated vapour pressure concentration (0.94 mg/L)), the substance was classified into Category 1.
1	Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1		Danger	H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage	P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Exposure of human skin causes erythema and blister formation, or burn and blister formation (ATSDR (2003)). These findings were compatible with histopathological changes of the chemical burns (HSDB (2008)). Soldiers who volunteered to be exposed to skin contact during World War I had erythema and burns (ATSDR (2003)). Necrosis was complete at 4 to 6 days following exposure, and separation of necrotic slough and re-epithelialization was initiated at 16 - 20 days. Healing took 3 - 8 weeks (HSDB (2008)). Based on these information, the substance was classified into Category 1.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1		Danger	H318: Causes serious eye damage	P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.	In a human exposure clinical test, ocular effects including conjunctivitis, blepharokeratoconjunctivitis, a burning sensation, photophobia, edema of the eyelids, corneal edema and abrasion, blurred vision and temporarily blindness was reported (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003)). Ocular injury with the liquid substance is far more damaging to the cornea than vapour-induced injury, increasing the risk of perforation of the cornea, which may lead to permanent loss of vision (HSDB (2008)). Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 1. When the liquid was applied to the eye of rabbits, the histological features were nuclear pyknosis, necrosis and loss of polarity of corneal epithelial basal cells at 6 and 9-hour, and corneal epithelial cells presented degenerative changes, with the epithelium eventually detaching from the underlying basement membrane at 24-hour (HSDB (2008)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B		Danger	H340: May cause genetic defects	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on positive results in rat dominant lethal test by inhalation or oral exposure (in vivo heritable germ cell mutagenicity test) (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003)), the substance was classified into Category 1B. As relevant information, there is a report of a positive guinea pig DNA adduct formation test (in vivo somatic cell genotoxicity test) (HSDB (2008)). From in vitro mutagenicity tests, there are reports of a positive Ames (ATSDR (2003)), positive mouse lymphoma gene mutation and chromosomal aberration tests (ATSDR (2003), DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)) and a positive rat lymphosarcoma cell chromosomal aberration test (IARC 9 (1975)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A		Danger	H350: May cause cancer	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Based on the classifications of "Group 1" in IARC (IARC suppl. 7 (1987)), Category 1 in Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendations for allowable concentrations (2005)) and "K" in NTP (NTP ROC No. 11 (2005)), the substance was classified into Category 1A. Many worldwide epidemiological tests were conducted on humans exposed to mustard gas in battlefields or manufacturing plants during World War I or World War II (IARC vol. 9 (1987)). These tests demonstrated a relationship between mustard gas exposure and respiratory cancer and the findings suggest or strongly suggest an elevated risk of respiratory cancer associated with the exposure. Among limited animal test data, there is a report that the incidence of lung tumours significantly increased in comparison with the control groups in mice after inhalation exposure (IARC suppl. 7 (1987)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B		Danger	H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child	P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P201: Obtain special instructions before use. P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P281: Use personal protective equipment as required. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	An increased rate of fetal deaths and increased incidence of congenital malformations among offspring were reported in progenies of Iranian survivors of chemical attacks that included sulfur mustard during the Iran-Iraq War. Numerous men were diagnosed as azoospermia or severe oligospermia in testicular biopsies (ATSDR (2003), HSDB (2008)). However, these individuals may were exposed to other agents instead of sulfur mustard (ATSDR (2003)). The substance is not a known human reproductive toxicant but is presumed to have reproductive and developmental toxicity effects in humans, therefore the substance was classified into Category 1B. In a dominant lethal test in rats where orally exposed male rats were mated to untreated females, a significant increase in the mean number of early resorptions per litter, a significant increase in postimplantation losses and a significant increase in percentage of abnormal sperm were detected, demonstrating the male dominant lethal effect of the substance (ATSDR (2003)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, hematopoietic system, urinary system)		Danger	H370: Causes damage to organs (nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, hematopoietic system, urinary system)	P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）. P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	There are case reports of humans (mainly soldiers) exposed to mustard gas in World War I and the Iran-Iraq War. There are numerous reports of epidemiological tests for the substance (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003), HSDB (2008)). Significant toxic symptoms noted in the reports include dizziness, loss of corneal reflex, anxiety, agitation, persistent impairment of afferent neuron, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, pneumonia, respiratory failure, cardiovascular disorder, cyanosis, erythrocyte destruction, haemosiderosis, increase and decrease in leukocyte count, bone marrow failure, hemorrhagic nephritis, oliguria, renal failure, diarrhea, hemorrhage in organs (brain, stomach, pancreas, endocardium and epicardium, etc.), keratitis and dermopathy. Various organs, such as nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system, hematopoietic system, urinary system, skin and eye, are affected. Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system, hematopoietic system, urinary system).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory system)		Danger	H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (respiratory system)	P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...	Most of the workers in mustard gas production prior to World War II suffered from coughing and sputum production (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)). In workers exposed in manufacturing plants, significant increased incidence of respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, severe chronic cough, airway obstruction, and pneumonia were reported (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003), HSDB (2008)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory system). In a 13-week oral test in rats, there was no effect on the respiratory system at dose levels of 0.3 - 0.003 mg/kg/day (ATSDR (2003)).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Symbol	Signal word	Hazard statement	Precautionary statement	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term）	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	No data available.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	-	-	-	-	This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：

Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW	MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）