Chemical Name:Phenothiazine
CAS:92-84-2
ID: | 21B3049 |
Classifier: | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
Year Classified: | FY2009 |
Reference Manual: | GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government (March, 2009) |
Hazard class | Classification | Symbol | Signal word | Hazard statement | Precautionary statement | Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Not aerosol products |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
7 | Flammable solids | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data by the designated test method are available though the information is available that the substance is "Combustible" (ICSC (J) (1998)). |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Auto-ignition point is 470 degC (IUCLID (2000)) exceeding 70 degC. |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine in the molecule |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. |
Hazard class | Classification | Symbol | Signal word | Hazard statement | Precautionary statement | Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on a LD50 value of 5000 mg/kg for rats (ACGIH (2001)), the substance was classified into "Not classified" in JIS Classification (correspond to Category 5 in GHS classification). |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on a LD0 value of ca. 9400 mg/kg for rabbits (IUCLID (2000)), the substance was classified as "Not classified". |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable | - | - | - | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on no toxicity in rats exposed to the substance of 2000 mg/L (4-hour equivalence: 50 mg/L) for 1-hour (IUCLID (2000)), the substance was classified as "Not classified". Since the test concentration was higher than saturated vapour pressure concentration, the test was considered to be conducted for dust or mist. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 2 | Warning | H315: Causes skin irritation |
P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P362: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
Since there is a report that employees with skin irritation characterized by itching and reddening, developed a tolerance within a 1 to 4-week period following initial exposure (ACGIH (2001)), and the substance is classified as "Skin irr" by ACGIH, the substance was classified into Category 2. As relevant information, there are results of "not irritating" and "slightly irritating" in a rabbit and guinea pig test (IUCLID (2000)). | |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on a result of "not irritating" in a rabbit test (OECD TG405 (GLP)) (IUCLID (2000)), the substance was classified as "Not classified". As relevant information, photosensitization with direct sunlight was a result of exposure to the substance (ACGIH (2001)) and keratitis was also reported among workers handling the substance (ACGIH (2001)). |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | In a guinea pig patch test, slightly and moderately sensitization was observed in 2/5 and 2/5 animals, respectively (IUCLID (2000)), and positive response was suggested. However, since the information is reported in a document in List 2, and the test was not conducted using a recommended method, classification was not possible due to lack of other data. Although there is a case report of photosensitization in a worker exposed to this substance (ACGIH (2001)), the information was not used as the basis of classification due to sensitization to light. |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Not classified | - | - | - | - | Based on a negative result in a rat bone marrow micronucleus test by oral administration (in vivo somatic cell mutagenicity test) (NTP DB (access on May. 2009)), the substance was classified as "Not classified". As relevant information, from in vitro mutagenicity tests, there is a report of a negative Ames test (NTP DB (access on May. 2009)). |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | The promotive effects of phenothiazine were examined in female rats. A mixture of the substance in combination with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) administered to rats through their diet induced bladder tumors (IUCLID (2000)). Since no carcinogenicity test with phenothiazine itself is available, classification was not possible due to lack of data. |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | Following feeding administration to pregnant rats during gestation, the percent of resorbed implants per litter increased and the viability of fetuses decreased in comparison with the control groups at dose levels in which general toxicity is not manifested in maternal animals (IUCLID (2000)). However, the data is insufficient because of its single dose test design and a lack of a report regarding whether the effects were significant. In rat and mice tests by oral administration during organogenesis period, no treatment-related effects on maternal general condition or fetal development including teratogenicity were observed in both species except for decreased body weight gain in rats (IUCLID (2000)). This data is also insufficient since there are no data for effects on sexual function and fertility by exposure before mating. Classification was not possible due to lack of sufficient data. |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (liver, kidney, blood, nervous system, circulatory system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) |
Danger Warning |
H370: Causes damage to organs (liver, kidney, blood, nervous system, circulatory system) H335: May cause respiratory irritation (respiratory tract irritation) |
P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P405: Store locked up. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
There is a report that accidental exposure of humans has caused hemolytic anemia and toxic hepatitis (HSDB (2005)). A second report indicates that oral exposure may cause hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, abdominal cramps, tachycardia and renal damage (ACGIH (2001)). Additionally, cardiac arrest and sudden death were reported, and hypotension, dysrhythmias (especially ventricular tachycardia), CNS depression and coma may occur (HSDB (2005)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 1 (liver, kidney, blood system, cardiovascular system, nervous system). In addition, since there are reports that the substance may cause respiratory system irritation in addition to skin irritation (HSDB (2005)) and that "can irritate the respiratory tract" (ICSC (J) (1998)), the substance was classified into Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). | |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 2 (blood) | Warning | H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (blood) |
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
In a 13-week feeding test in dogs, decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte count attributed to hemolytic action of the substance were observed at a dose of 2000 ppm (approximately 154 mg/kg/day). Microscopic evaluation revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, deposition of hemosiderin in the spleen, liver, kidney and bone marrow as well as changes or abnormalities in bone marrow cell and erythrocyte. In addition, slight deposition of hemosiderin in the liver and kidney and changes in bone marrow cells were also observed at a dose of 500 ppm (approximately 39 mg/kg/day) (IUCLID (2000)). In a 18-day feeding test in rats, changes in bone marrow accompanied by peripheral blood destruction were observed at concentration of 0.5% (approximately 250 mg/kg/day, 90-day equivalence: 50 mg/kg/day). In a 125-day feeding test in rats, decrease in blood hemoglobin concentration and increased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow were observed at a concentration of 0.3% (approximately 150 mg/kg/day) and higher. Since 500 ppm (approximately 39 mg/kg/day) in the 13-week feeding test in dogs and 0.5% (approximately 250 mg/kg/day, 90-day equivalence: 50 mg/kg/day) in the 18-day feeding test in rats are within the guidance value range for Category 2, the substance was classified into Category 2 (blood system). | |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | No data available. |
Hazard class | Classification | Symbol | Signal word | Hazard statement | Precautionary statement | Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Category 1 | Warning | H400: Very toxic to aquatic life |
P273: Avoid release to the environment. P391: Collect spillage. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Classified into Category 1 from its 48h-EC50 = 0.055 mg/L for Crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Test for the Ecological Effect of Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment), 2004). | |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Category 1 | Warning | H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
P273: Avoid release to the environment. P391: Collect spillage. P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... |
Classified into Category 1 since its acute toxicity is Category 1 and it is not rapidly degradable (BOD degradation rate: 0% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1983)). | |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible | - | - | - | - | This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. |
Reference Manual |
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Definitions / Abbreviations |
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Model Label by MHLW |
MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW |
MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |