GHS Classification Result （Revision of the past classification result）

Chemical Name：Sodium dichromate
CAS：10588-01-9

Result：
ID: 22B4505
Classifier: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare （MHLW）, Ministry of the Environment （MOE）
Year Classified: FY2010
Reference Manual: GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2 Flammable gases （including chemically unstable gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable - - - - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
7 Flammable solids Not classified - - - - Not combustible (Weiss (2nd, 1985), ICSC (J) (2005))
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable - - - - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
10 Pyrophoric solids Not classified - - - - Not combustible (Weiss (2nd, 1985), ICSC (J) (2005))
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Not classified - - - - Not combustible (Weiss (2nd, 1985), ICSC (J) (2005))
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified - - - - Based on the description that the substance is readily soluble in water (Chemical Substance Safety Data Book (The Chemical Substance Safety Information Workshop) (1994)), its water solubility is 187 g/100 g H2O (25 degC) (Lide (85th, 2004)) and it does not react with water (Weiss (2nd, 1985)), it is classified as "Not classified".
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
14 Oxidizing solids Not classified - - - - The substance is reported as "no oxidizing properties" (IUCLID (2000)), therefore we judged that it does not corresponding to Category 1 - 3, it is classified as "Not classified". As relevant notes, it is also reported that the substance is strong oxidizing agent and reacts with combustible or reducing substances (ICSC (J) (2005)) and ammonium dichromate is classified into Division 5.1, PG III (UN1439).
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable - - - - Inorganic compound
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible - - - - Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity （Oral） Category 3 Danger H301: Toxic if swallowed P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P330: Rinse mouth.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Four LD50 values for rats of 59 mg/kg (male), 46 mg/kg (female) (both from EU-RAR 53 (2005)), 221.9 mg/kg (male, converted value from the dihydrate) and 159.1 mg/kg (female, converted value from the dihydrate) (both from "Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals"(Chemicals Investigation Promoting Council) (access on Jun. 2009)) were reported in the "List 1" information source designated in the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. The three of them corresponded to Category 3, and the other corresponded to Category 2. Since the majority of obtaining data corresponded to it, the substance was classified as Category 3.
1 Acute toxicity （Dermal） Category 3 Danger H311: Toxic in contact with skin P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P322: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P361: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the rabbit LD50 value of 960 mg/kg (EU-RAR 53 (2005)), the substance was classified into Category 3.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Gases） Not applicable - - - - Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Vapours） Classification not possible - - - - No data available.
1 Acute toxicity （Inhalation: Dusts and mists） Category 2 Danger H330: Fatal if inhaled P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P403+P233: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P284: Wear respiratory protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P320: Specific treatment is urgent （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Based on the rat LC50 value of 0.2 mg/L/4hrs (EU-RAR 53 (2005)), the substance was classified as Category 2. According to the description of "aerosol" in the test method, the criterion values for dust/mist were adopted.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1 Danger H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN （or hair）: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Application of the substance as a solution or moistened state to rabbit skin for 4 hours resulted in irritant responses of erythema and edema of grade 3 or less, and skin reaction was still present at 6 days after application (EU-RAR 53 (2005)). In another rabbit test, 24-hour application of 500 mg of the substance caused very strong irritation and partly corrosions (IUCLID (2000)). In humans, it was reported that the substance caused vesicles, papulae and congestion by contact with skin, and that formation of ulcers, so-called chrome ulcers, were especially important issues (EHC 61 (1988)). In human experience, direct contact with highly water-soluble chrome compounds revealed severe burns to human skin (EU-RAR 53 (2005)). As mentioned above, the substance caused corrosions to animals, and caused ulcers and severe burns to human skin. The substance was classified as "C: R34" in the EU classification (EU-Annex I (2005)). Based on the information, the substance was classified as Category 1.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Danger H318: Causes serious eye damage P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 		In the rabbit test, instillation of 50 mg of the substance to the eyes caused strong irritativeness and corrosive effects on the cornea (IUCLID (2000)). There were many case reports of eye injury by accidental splashing of highly water-soluble chrome compounds into eyes in which inflammation of the cornea and conjunctivae, corneal erosion and ulceration in more severe cases were noted (EU-RAR 53 (2005)). Based on these documents, the substance was classified as Category 1.
4 Respiratory sensitization Category 1 Danger H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342+P311: If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P285: In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		There were many case reports of evidence that inhalation of hexavalent chromium caused asthma. A positive result was reported in the well-conducted bronchial challenge tests (EU-RAR 53 (2005)). The double-blind experimental exposure study in asthmatic patients who were exposed to chromium and nickel, showed that chromium was the main cause of the asthma (EHC 61 (1988)). And it was reported that chromium might cause sensitization that led to asthma (EHC 61 (1988)). Chromium and its compounds were classified as "Group 2" of respiratory sensitization by Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (2008)). And the substance was classified as "R42/43" in the EU classification (EU-Annex I (2005)). Based on the information mentioned above, the substance was classified as Category 1.
4 Skin sensitization Category 1 Warning H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P333+P313: If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		It was reported that skin sensitization as the result of exposure to chromates was observed in many occupations, most frequently in the building industry workers who handled cement (DFGMAK-Doc. 7 (1996)). It is also reported that chromium is a severe skin sensitizer, and about 6 - 9 months are required for sensitization. There were many other reports indicating skin sensitization characteristics by chromium or chromates (EHC 61 (1988)). In the guinea pig maximization test, application of potassium dichromate caused sensitization and positive rate was 53% (8/15) (KemI-Riskline (2000)). Chromium and its compounds were classified as "Group 1" of skin sensitization by Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendations of Occupational Exposure Limits (2008)). And the substance was classified as "R42/43" in the EU classification (EU-Annex I (2005)). Based on these documents, the substance was classified as Category 1.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Category 2 Warning H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		The substance was classified as Category 2 based on the positive results in the chromosome aberration test using the bone marrow cells of rats or mice intraperitoneally administered (in vivo mutagenicity test in somatic cells) (EU-RAR 53 (2005), HSDB (2009)). As relevant information, positive results were reported in the DNA damage test (in vivo genotoxicity test in somatic cells) using the liver, kidney or peripheral blood of rats intraperitoneally administered (IUCLID (2000)). As for in vitro studies, positive results were reported in the Ames test ("Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals"(Chemicals Investigation Promoting Council) (Access on Jun. 2009)), chromosome aberration test using Chinese hamster cultured cells (CHL or CHO) ("Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals"(Chemicals Investigation Promoting Council) (Access on Jun. 2009), IARC 49 (1999)) and chromosome aberration test using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (IARC 49 (1999)).
6 Carcinogenicity Category 1A Danger H350: May cause cancer P308+P313: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P201: Obtain special instructions before use.
P202: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		The substance was classified as Category 1A based on the carcinogenicity criteria of "Group 1"in the IARC (IARC 49 (1990)), "A1" in the ACGIH (ACGIH (2001)) and "Group 1" in recommendations for allowable concentrations of Japan Society For Occupational Health(JSOH) (Recommendations for allowable concentrations of Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (2008)) as hexavalent chromium compounds. As relevant information, in some epidemiological studies targeting the workers in the chromium compounds production plants in Japan, USA, UK and various countries, significant increases in the incidence of lung cancer by exposure of chromium compounds was reported (IARC 49 (1990)). In animal experiments, on the examination after 12-month observation period following 18 months exposure period by inhalation to rats, lung tumors (3/19) were observed in the high dose group, but no tumors (0/37) in the control group (IARC 49 (1990)).
7 Reproductive toxicity Not classified - - - - In the combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test by oral administration in rats (OECD TG422, GLP-compliant), in the high dosing group, extension of gestation length was observed, however, there were no adverse effects on sexual functions and fertility of parental animals, no effects related to the treatment were observed in parturition, nursing behavior, viability index on day 4, external features ("Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals"(Chemicals Investigation Promoting Council) (Access on Jun. 2009)). In the three generation study by inhalation exposure in rats, no effects on reproduction and teratogenicity were observed, no effects on the number of live fetuses per litter and incidence in fetal resorptions were observed (EHC 61 (1988)). In the study by intraperitoneal injection at day 8 of gestation in rats, the teratogenicity was not seen (IUCLID (2000)). On the other hand, it was reported that clear hazardous property to reproduction or the child's development in humans was not found (EHC 61 (1988), EU-RAR 53 (2005), KemI-Riskline (2000)). As mentioned above, there were no adverse effects on sexual functions and fertility of parental generation, and development of the next generation. Therefore, the substance was classified as "Not classified".
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory system, kidney, liver) Danger H370: Causes damage to organs (respiratory system, kidney, liver) P307+P311: IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P321: Specific treatment （see ... on this label）.
P405: Store locked up.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		There were numerous case reports of deaths after oral exposure to the substance, and the remarkable effects in survivors were manifested as necrosis of the liver and necrosis of renal tubules (EU-RAR 53 (2005), EHC (1988)). It was also described that the kidney damages were brought by absorption of hexavalent chromium compounds through the skin (EU-RAR 53 (2005)). Based on the information, the substance was classified as Category 1 (liver, kidney). In the human case reports, it was described that inhalation of aqueous solutions of the mists resulted in irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract with pain in the nasal cavity and chest, cough, dyspnea and cyanosis (EU-RAR 53 (2005)). It was also reported that the autopsy in a 22-month-old boy who died at 18.5 hours after ingestion of the substance revealed pulmonary edema, severe bronchitis, and acute bronchopneumonia (HSDB (2000)). Based on the information, the substance was classified as Category 1 (respiratory system). Therefore, the classification of this hazard class was concluded as Category 1 (respiratory system, kidney, liver). In addition, there was a description of the findings in humans after oral ingestion as hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract and toxicity of hematopoietic organs (EHC 61 (1988)). However, the findings were regarded as the local effect by oral ingestion of corrosive chemicals. Thus, it was excluded from the objective for the classification of this hazard class.
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (respiratory system, blood system) Danger H372: Cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (respiratory system, blood system) P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P314: Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		There were numerous reports on epidemiological studies for workers who had continuous contact with chromium compounds in production or plating plant for chromium, ulcers or perforations of the nasal septum were observed (EHC 61 (1998), EU-RAR (2005), IRIS (1998)). And there were also descriptions of occupational exposure cases for bronchitis, bronchopneumopathy, pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis and decrease in lung function (EHC 61 (1998), EU-RAR 53 (2005)). Based on the information, the substance was classified as Category 1 (respiratory system). While, mild normochromic anemia was reported in 94 subjects exposed to chromium compounds (EHC 61 (1998)), and elevated leukocyte counts or presence of immature neutrophils was also reported as the effect of pollution of well water near the chromium alloy plant (IRIS (1998)). Furthermore, it was reported in the animal studies that rats administered orally at 30 mg/kg/day (corresponding to Category 2) for about 45 days revealed lower values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin concentration ("Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals" (Chemicals Investigation Promoting Council) (Access on Jun. 2009)), and that rats exposed by inhalation at 0.05 - 0.4 mg Cr (VI)/m3 (corresponding to Category 1) for 30 days revealed leukocytosis with dose-dependency (IRIS (1998)). Based on the information, the substance was classified as Category 1 (blood system). Besides, there was a description that the exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds were formerly said to cause renal damage (ACGIH (2001)). However, the year reported was old, and the renal damage was observed in only one animal in the MHLW study ("Toxicity Testing Reports of Environmental Chemicals" (Chemicals Investigation Promoting Council) (Access on Jun. 2009)), and the information of renal damage was judged as uncertain based on the reports of epidemiological studies, etc. （IRIS （1998））. Thus, the kidney was not adopted for classification.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible - - - - No data available.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Symbol Signal word Hazard statement Precautionary statement Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Acute） Category 1 Warning H400: Very toxic to aquatic life P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Classified into Category 1 from its 48h-EC50 = 0.112 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EU-RAR, 2005).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment （Long-term） Category 1 Warning H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects P273: Avoid release to the environment.
P391: Collect spillage.
P501: Dispose of contents/container to ... 		Classified into Category 1 since its acute toxicity is Category 1 and the behavior in water is unknown from which it is a metal compound.
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible - - - - This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.


NOTE:
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.

Reference：
Reference Manual
Definitions / Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）
Model SDS by MHLW

 MHLW Website （in Japanese Only）

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