Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 65-85-0 |
Chemical Name | Benzoic acid |
Substance ID | 25A0043 |
Classification year (FY) | FY2013 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | New |
Classification result in other fiscal year | |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government (July, 2013) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
7 | Flammable solid | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 570 deg C (ICSC (1999)). |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen. |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There are reports on LD50 values for rats of 1,700 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 7, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2009), SIDS (2004)), 2,530 mg/kg, 2,565 mg/kg (SIDS (2004)), 2,700 mg/kg (JECFA FAS5 (1974)), and 3,040 mg/kg (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2005)). It was classified as "Not classified" to which most data corresponded. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" based on reports on LD50 values for rabbits of > 2,000 mg/kg, > 5,000 mg/kg (SIDS (2004)), and > 10,000 mg/kg (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2005)). |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" based on an LC50 value by 4-hour inhalation exposure of > 12.2 mg/L for rats (SIDS (2004)). Besides, because the LC50 value is higher than the saturated vapour pressure concentration (0.005 mg/L), and it is described that the test was conducted on dust, a reference value in the unit of mg/L was applied. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is reported in SIDS (2004) that there was slight irritation or no irritation in tests according to the test guidelines. On the other hand, it is reported that irritation was observed in 18 out of 614 persons in a patch test using ethanol or cream containing 0.05% of this substance, and urticaria was found in 7 out of 32 persons in a patch test using petrolatum containing 0.5% of this substance. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H318 |
P305+P351+P338
P280 P310 |
It was classified in Category 1 because it is reported in SIDS (2004) that it was severely irritating or corrosive in tests according to the test guidelines. |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | In SIDS (2004), many data are reported suggesting that it was not sensitizing in tests according to the guidelines. On the other hand, as for effects in humans, many reports say that this substance is sensitizing as follows; urticaria was found in 7 out of 32 persons in a patch test using petrolatum containing 0.5% of this substance (SIDS (2004)), in a patch test in which 2,045 patients of dermatological clinics were tested to 5% the sodium salt of this substance, positive reactions were observed only in five (0.2%), and in a patch test in which 5,202 patients having allergy or irritation symptoms to cosmetics were tested to this substance, 34 (0.7%) showed positive reactions (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 7, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2009)). However, because it is concluded in SIDS (2004) that sensitization is scarce in healthy subjects, it was classified as "Classification not possible." |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. There are no in vivo data on this substance, and as for in vitro, it was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation test and a chromosomal aberration test with cultured mammalian cells (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2000), JECFA FAS 48 (2002)). However, it is described in SIDS (2004) that this substance and related substances including sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, and benzyl alcohol are not mutagenic or clastogenic. |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Because this substance is classified in Group D by EPA (IRIS (1991)), it was classified as "Classification not possible." |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H361 |
P308+P313
P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
In a four-generation reproductive toxicity test with rats in the oral route (feeding), no reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2000), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 7, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2009), HSDB (Access on September 2013)). And as for developmental toxicity, it is reported that in developmental toxicity tests with rats in the oral route (gavage), there were increased resorptions (HSDB (Access on September 2013)) or no developmental toxicity was found (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2000), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 7, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2009)), and in a developmental toxicity test with hamsters in the oral route (gavage), increased resorptions and increased malformations were observed (HSDB (Access on September 2013)). Reports that developmental toxicity was found are only from the information source from List 2. Therefore, it was classified in Category 2. |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, it is described that after oral administration to rats, no effects on weight gain were observed at the dose (1,984 mg/kg) within the guidance value range for Category 2 (SIDS (2004)). It is described in CICAD 26 (2000) that diarrhea, muscular weakness, tremors, hyperactivity, and emaciation were found in rats in the oral route (dose unknown). Furthermore, it is described in inhalation exposure (dust) in rats, the animals showed occasional increased motor activity and salivation at the concentration (12.2 mg/L) above the guidance value range but recovered later (SIDS (2004)). In dermal exposure to rabbits, an LD50 of > 2,000 mg/kg is reported, but there is no description of clear toxic signs. From the above results, because there are no findings to assign a category, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 2 (upper respiratory tract) |
Warning |
H373 |
P260
P314 P501 |
In oral exposure in rats and dermal exposure in rabbits, no toxicity findings were found even at the doses above the guidance value for Category 2 (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2000), IUCLID (2000)). On the other hand, in a test with rats given 4-week inhalation exposure to the aerosol of this substance, upper respiratory tract inflammation and decreased kidney weights were observed at the concentration (converted guidance value concentration: 0.078 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2 (SIDS (2004), CICAD 26 (2000), IUCLID (2000), HSDB (Access on October 2013)). However, because pathological changes were not accompanied in the kidney, it was judged to be not sufficient to adopt the kidney as the target organ. From the above results, it was classified in Category 2 (upper respiratory tract). |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Category 3 |
- |
H402 |
P273
P501 |
From 96-hour LC50 = 44.6 mg/L for fish (Lepomis macrochirus) (SIDS, 2004), it was classified in Category 3. |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. It was classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (a 2-week degradation rate by BOD = 85% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1979)), and a low bioconcentration estimate (LogP = 1.88 (SIDS, 2004)), although it was classified in Category 3 in acute toxicity. |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
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