Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 7782-50-5 |
Chemical Name | Chlorine |
Substance ID | 25B0045 |
Classification year (FY) | FY2013 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | Revised |
Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government (July, 2013) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Not combustible (HSDB (Access on September 2013)) |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Category 1 |
Danger |
H270 |
P370+P376
P220 P244 P403 |
This substance is an oxidizing gas listed in ISO 10156-2010. It is classified in Division 2.3 (Subsidiary Risk 5.1,8) (UN1017) in UNRTDG. |
5 | Gases under pressure | Liquefied gas |
Warning |
H280 | P410+P403 | From a critical temperature (144 deg C (HSDB (Access on September 2013))) above +65 deg C, it was classified as liquefied gas (low pressure liquefied gas). |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
7 | Flammable solid | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | It is an inorganic compound. |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to gas substances are not available. |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Category 2 |
Danger |
H330 |
P304+P340
P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501 |
There are reports on 1-hour LC50 values for rats of 293-1,000 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 147-500 ppm) (PATTY (6th, 2012)), 850 mg/m3 (293 ppm) (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 146 ppm) (EHC 21 (1982), ATSDR (2010), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), and 447 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 224 ppm) (ATSDR (2010), EU-RAR (2007)). There are reports on a 53-minute exposure LC50 value for rats of 1,000 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 470 ppm) (ATSDR (2010)), 30-minute exposure LC50 value for rats of 688 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 243 ppm) (ATSDR (2010)), and a 440-minute exposure LC50 value for rats of 250 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 339 ppm) (ATSDR (2010)). It was classified in Category 2 because all of these LC50 values corresponded to Category 2. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H314 |
P301+P330+P331
P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501 |
In humans, there is a case of persons who had mild burns of the face from exposure to chlorine gas (EHC 21 (1982)), and it is described that it can be corrosive to the skin (HSDB (Access on September 2013)). And because it is described that liquefied chlorine causes frostbite and burns (HSDB (Access on September 2013)), special caution is needed for contact with liquefied chlorine. Category 1 is proposed in EU-RAR (2007) because it is corrosive to the skin. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 based on the above information. Besides, this substance is classified in "Xi; R36/37/38" in EU DSD classification and in "Skin Irrit. 2 H315" in EU CLP classification. EU-RAR, EU DSD classification, and EU CLP classification, obtained in this investigation, were added. |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 1 |
Danger |
H318 |
P305+P351+P338
P280 P310 |
It is described that there may be severe effects in the eye from exposure to this substance (details: not described) (SIDS-SIAP (2003)). And it is described that eye irritation was observed in monkeys (PATTY (6th, 2012)), there was slight to severe irritation depending on the concentrations in humans, but this disappeared within a short time (EHC 21 (1982)), and it may be corrosive to the eye, cause burns in the eye in humans, and cause serious or irreversible damage (HSDB (Access on September 2013)). The information in SIDS (2003): severe effects in the eye and the information in HSDB (Access on September 2013): it may be corrosive to the eye, cause burns in the eye in humans, and cause serious or irreversible damage corresponded to Category 1. Besides, this substance is classified in "Xi; R36/37/38" in EU DSD classification and "Eye Irrit. 2 H319" in EU CLP classification. SIDS-SIAP, EU DSD classification, and EU CLP classification, obtained in this investigation, were added. |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in a micronucleus test and a chromosomal aberration test with mouse bone marrow cells (ATSDR (2010), IUCLID (2000)). As for in vitro, there are positive and negative results in bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberration tests (ATSDR (2010), IUCLID (2000)). Chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) may be mutagenic in vitro, but it is not considered to be mutagenic in vivo (SIDS (2003), EU-RAR (2007)). Besides, tests were often conducted on sodium hypochlorite, and they are regarded to be useful for the assessment of mutagenicity of chlorine (EU-RAR (2007)). |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Classification not possible" because it is classified in A4 in ACGIH (1995), Group 3 (as drinking-water disinfected with chlorine) in IARC (1991), and Group D in IRIS (1994). The category was changed according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" because no effects on fertility of parent animals and development of offspring were observed in tests with rats and mice (EHC 21 (1982), EU-RAR (2007), IRIS (1994), IUCLID (2000)), and it is described that there were no effects on pregnancy through lactation in workers at a chlorine plant (EHC 21 (1982)). EU-RAR (2007) was added. |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs) |
Danger |
H370 |
P308+P311
P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
After inhalation exposure in mice, rabbits, and dogs, lesions in the respiratory system such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, decreased lung function, bronchitis, and necrosis of the epithelium of the trachea were observed at the doses (< 2,500 ppm) equivalent to the guidance value range for Category 1, and the similar lesions were also found in rats, although there are no descriptions of the doses (EHC 21 (1982), EU-RAR (2007)). Furthermore, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, labored respiration, bradypnea, and irritation of the upper respiratory tract are described in mice, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs (EHC 21 (1982), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012), EU-RAR (2007)). In humans, there are descriptions of pneumonia, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, ulcerative tracheo-bronchitis, decreased lung function, asthma and reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), irritation of the throat and nose, cough, dyspnea, etc. indicating lesions or irritation of the respiratory system (EHC 21 (1982), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). It was classified in Category 1 (respiratory system) based on the above information. |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs, liver, kidney) |
Danger |
H372 |
P260
P264 P270 P314 P501 |
It is described that in tests in which inhalation exposure to gas was given to rats for 6 weeks and mice for 2 years, lesions in the respiratory tract and lung occurred, or inflammation and histological changes in the epithelium of the respiratory tract were observed at the concentrations (0.41-3 ppm) within the guidance value range for Category 1 (EHC 21 (1982), PATTY (6th, 2012), IUCLID (2000)). In humans, it may cause bronchial disease and pulmonary hemorrhage (EHC 21 (1982)), and findings such as coughing, sore throat, hemoptysis, and chest pain are described (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). It was classified in Category 1 (respiratory system) based on the above information. Furthermore, it was classified in Category 1 (liver, kidney) because it is described that hepatocyte vacuolation (1.4 ppm or above (converted guidance value)) and renal proximal tubular degeneration (4.2 ppm (converted guidance value)) were found at the concentrations within the guidance value range for Category 1 in a 6-week inhalation exposure (gas) test with rats (PATTY (6th, 2012)). Besides, Category 1 (olfactory organ) adopted in the previous classification was removed because the effects concerned were judged to be included in those on the respiratory system. And Category 2 (teeth) in the previous classification was based on the information source in List 3, but it was deleted because no rationale data to adopt the teeth as the target organ could be obtained from the information sources in List 1 and 2 used this time. |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Gas (GHS definition) |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The classification is not possible because appropriate data are not obtained. Besides, this substance forms hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid in the water, and hypochlorous acid is known to exert bactericidal effect by its generating hydrogen ion and -ClO of active oxygen species. Therefore, as for the classification in an aquatic environment, it is preferable to refer to the classification for sodium hypochlorite or potassium hypochlorite. |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
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