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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	79-24-3
Chemical Name	Nitroethane
Substance ID	H26-B-074, R-029
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (nitro group) present in the molecule, and oxygen balance of -94 is higher than the criteria, -200. However, it is classified in Class 3 (UN2842) in UNRTDG, not in Class 1 in the higher precedence.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Category 3	Warning	H226	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	It was classified in Category 3 based on a flash point 28 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (2013)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PG III (UN2842) in UNRTDG.
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Type G	- -	-	-	There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (nitro group) present in the molecule. However, it is classified in Class 3 (UN2842) in UNRTDG and does not correspond to the hazards of the highest precedence, self-reactive substances and mixtures.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 410 deg C (ICSC (2013)).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an organic compound which does not contain fluorine or chlorine but contains oxygen, and the oxygen is chemically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (N). However, the classification is not possible due to no data.
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P362+P364 P264 P270 P330 P501	Based on a report of an LD50 value of 1,625 mg/kg for rats (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)), it was classified in Category 4.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 4	Warning	H332	P304+P340 P261 P271 P312	There are reports that in a 6-hour inhalation test with rats, no toxic symptoms were observed at 2,200 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 2,694 ppm), and all animals died at 13,000 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 15,921 ppm) (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), therefore, the LC50 value was assumed to be >2,694 ppm and <15,921 ppm. Based on this assumed LC50 value, it was classified in Category 4. Besides, since both exposure concentrations in the inhalation test were lower than 90% of the saturated vapour concentration (20,533 ppm), the reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapour without a mist.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	There is a report that after application of 0.5 mL the undiluted liquid of this substance, although only slight erythema was observed, this substance was deemed a nonirritant (HSDB (Access on August 2014)). In addition, there is a description that this substance was weakly irritating to rabbits (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 3 in UN GHS classification).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2B	- Warning	H320	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264	There is a description that this substance was weakly irritating to the conjunctiva in rabbits (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). It is concluded that it was weakly irritating to the mucosa in the DFGOT vol. 19 (2003). In addition, after application of 0.1 mL undiluted liquid of this substance to rabbits, lacrimation was observed (HSDB (Access on August 2014)), however, no change in the eyes which could fall under the classification criteria of irritation was observed. From the above, based on "weak irritation," it was classified in Category 2B. By reviewing the information, the category was revised.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that in a Draize test with guinea pigs, no sensitization was observed (HSDB (Access on August 2014)), however, it was judged to be insufficient data for classification because details, etc. were unknown.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	The substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in a mouse bone marrow micronucleus test (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), NTP DB (Access on September 2014), HSDB (Access on August 2014)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There are reports that no carcinogenicity was observed in a 2-year inhalation exposure test with rats in DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), SIAP (2010). Since it was a result of a carcinogenicity test with only one species, classification was not possible due to lack of data.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. There is a report that in a teratogenicity test with mice through the inhalation route, neither toxic effects on dams nor teratogenic, embryotoxic or fetotoxic effects were observed (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). However, this is a test with only one dose where no toxic effects on dams were observed. This was not used for classification due to lack of reliability.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (haemal system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)	Danger Warning	H370 H335 H336	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	This substance had respiratory tract irritation and narcotic effects. In humans, there are reports of vomiting, stomach irritation, sleepiness, breathlessness, lethargy, cyanosis and methemoglobinemia in 2 infants who ingested this substance (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). As for experimental animals, there are reports of lacrimation, dyspnea and rales in guinea pigs and rabbits by inhalation exposure at or above 1,500 mg/m3 (1.5 mg/L) (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)), of cerebral edema and congestion in guinea pigs and rabbits by the inhalation exposure (no description of concentration) (HSDB (Access on August 2014)), and of ataxia and convulsions in rats by the oral administration of 1,256 mg/kg (SIAP (2010)). From the above, since it was considered that it had effects on the hemal system, respiratory tract irritation and narcotic effects, it was classified in Category 1 (hemal system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects). Besides, since the finding on rats by oral administration was described only in SIAP, and the source of information could not be followed, it was not adopted for classification. Additionally, the findings of cerebral edema and congestion were not adopted for classification because of no description of concentrations.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	As for humans, there was information by acute exposure but not by repeated exposure. As for experimental animals, in a carcinogenicity test in which rats were exposed to this substance by inhalation at up to 200 ppm for 2 years (7 hours/day, 5 days/week), no abnormalities in hematological and biochemical parameters, and in histopathological examination were observed, and a NOEL was estimated to be 200 ppm (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012)). By assuming the state of the substance inhaled is a vapour and converting the concentration of 200 ppm to the guidance value, the converted value (0.72 mg/L/6 hours) was within the range of Category 2, but it was unknown whether effects will appear at the upper limit concentration of Category 2. Since there was no other available information for classification, classification was not possible due to lack of data.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 2	- -	H401	P273 P501	It was classified in Category 2 from 72-hour ErC50 = 6 mg/L for algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) (SIDS, 2010).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Category 2	-	H411	P273 P391 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. It was classified in Category 2 due to being not rapidly degradable (a 28-day degradation rate < 0.1% (SIDS, 2010)), and 72-hour ErC50 = 6 mg/L for algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) (SIDS, 2010).
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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