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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	88-89-1
Chemical Name	Picric acid
Substance ID	H26-B-079, R-033
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Division 1.1	Danger	H201	P370+P380 P210 P230 P240 P250 P280 P372 P373 P401 P501	There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (nitro group) present in the molecule, oxygen balance is -45, and the onset temperature is 118 deg C, but the exothermic decomposition energy is 5.1 kJ/g in Explosion Safety Database (2005), corresponding to explosives. It is classified in Division 1.1D (UN0154, dry or wetted with less than 30 wt% water) in UNRTDG.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
7	Flammable solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is classified in explosives, but the classification is not possible due to no data on combustibility.
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is classified in explosives.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 300 deg C (ICSC (2008)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an organic compound which does not contain fluorine or chlorine but contains oxygen, and the oxygen is chemically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (N). However, the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P361+P364 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	There were 5 reports of LD50 values of 200 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)), 200 mg/kg (female), 290 mg/kg (male) (PATTY (6th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)), 283 mg/kg (female), and 492 mg/kg (male) (SIDS (2012), JECDB (Access on August 2014)) for rats. Since 4 cases corresponded to Category 3, and one case to Category 4, it was classified in Category 3 to which the larger number of values corresponded according to the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a description in SIDS (2012) that it was irritating to the skin from secondary information with low reliability, but these data were judged as insufficient to use in the classification since details are unknown.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2B	- Warning	H320	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264	There is a report that slight irritation was observed in an eye irritation test (Draize test) with rabbits (DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), SIDS (2012)). In addition, there is a description that this substance was irritating to the human eyes (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)). From the above, based on reports of "slight irritation" in animals, it was classified in Category 2B.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	In a skin sensitization test (Split adjuvant test) with guinea pigs, after application of 2% or 0.2% of this substance, mean scores were 4.1 in both groups, and it was judged as "sensitizing" (SIDS (2012)). In addition, also in another test with guinea pigs, there is a description that it was skin sensitizing (DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)). Moreover, there are descriptions that this substance was sensitizing (PATTY (6th, 2012)), or that it was sensitizing to humans (DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). From the above results, it was classified in Category 1.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in a mouse bone marrow micronucleus test (SIDS (2012), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). As for in vitro, it was positive in a chromosomal aberration test with cultured mammalian cells, and positive in a bacterial reverse mutation test and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured mammalian cells (JECDB (Access on September 2014), SIDS (2012), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), NTP DB (Access on September 2014), HSDB (Access on August 2014)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is a report that in a reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD TG 421) with rats by the oral route (gavage), no effects on fertility, development and growth in the next generation were observed at a dose (45 mg/kg bw/day) where parental toxicities (decreased body weight gain, increased weights of the liver, kidneys and spleen, decreased epididymal weight (male), mucosal thickening of the cecum (one male), slight atrophy of seminiferous tubules in the testes (one male), and retention of step-19 spermatid in stage IX-XI in the testes) were observed (JECDB (Access on September 2014), SIDS (2012)). Since the results of a reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test were obtained, the information was added. As a result, although no reproductive toxicity was observed, because it is a reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test, the information was inadequate, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible."
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, haemal system, liver, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)	Danger Warning	H370 H335	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	This substance was irritating to the respiratory tract (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)). In humans, there were reports of headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, yellow coloration of the skin and darkened urine by oral ingestion, and development of destruction of erythrocytes, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic nephritis, acute hepatitis, color blindness of yellow vision, weakness, coma, myalgia, anuria, polyuria, hematuria, and albuminuria by exposure to high concentrations (details unknown) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2004), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), SIDS (2012), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). In experimental animals, by oral administration to rats, decreased locomotor activity, abnormal gait and clonic convulsions at 200-800 mg/kg, tremors and tonic-clonic convulsions at 200-290 mg/kg were found, and in dogs, transitory changes in the kidneys including glomerulitis were observed at 50 mg/kg (dose not exceeding lethal doses) (JECDB (Access on September 2014), SIDS (2012), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 17 (2002)). These effects on the central nervous system and kidney were observed at concentrations within the guidance value range for Category 1. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, hemal system, liver, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (haemal system), Category 2 (liver, testis)	Danger Warning	H372 H373	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	As findings of repeated exposure in humans, there is a report that hematuria developed in US soldiers who ingested drinking-water containing a concentration of 2-20 mg/L of this substance during the war (DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)), and it was suggested to be related to destruction of erythrocytes (DFGOT vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001)) which was considered to occur even by a single exposure to this substance, therefore, this substance was considered to have effects on the hemal system by repeated exposure. As for experimental animals, in a study in which this substance was administered by gavage to rats for 28 days, hematotoxicity and related findings in the spleen (decreases in the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration, increased leukocyte counts, and hemosiderin deposition and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, and development of the germinal centers of the spleen), testicular toxicity (atrophy of seminiferous tubules of the testes, cell debris in the lumen and decreased number of sperms in the epididymis), ulcers of the cecum, and effects on the liver (increased relative weight, increased gamma GT activities (male only) and centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes) were observed at 100 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 31.1 mg/kg/day (corresponding to Category 2)) (SIDS (2012), JECDB (Access on September 2014)). As described above, from the adverse findings in humans and experimental animals by the oral route, the spleen and cecum were excluded from the target organs because the effects on the spleen are secondary effects due to hematotoxicity, and it is not appropriate to extrapolate the findings on the cecum to health effects in humans, and it was classified in Category 1 (hemal system), Category 2 (liver, testis). Besides, this time, considering consistency with the target organ suggested in SIDS published after the previous classification, "liver" was added to the target organ.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 3	- -	H402	P273 P501	It was classified in Category 3 from 48-hour EC50 = 85 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (SIDS, 2010).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (a degradation rate by BOD: 23% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 2003)), and 21-day NOEC = 5 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (SIDS, 2010). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to 72-hour ErC50 > 500 mg/L for algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) (SIDS, 2010), 96-hour LC50 = 109.6 mg/L for fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)), and being not water-insoluble (water solubility = 12700 mg/L, PHYSPROP Database, 2009). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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