GHS Classification Result

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 79-09-4
Chemical Name Propionic acid
Substance ID H26-B-083, R-066
Classification year (FY) FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year FY2009   FY2006  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
3 Aerosols Not applicable
-
-
- - Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
6 Flammable liquids Category 3


Warning
H226 P303+P361+P353
P370+P378
P403+P235
P210
P233
P240
P241
P242
P243
P280
P501
It was classified in Category 3 based on a flash point of 54 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (1997)).
7 Flammable solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified
-
-
- - It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 485 deg C (ICSC (1997)).
10 Pyrophoric solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible
-
-
- - Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not applicable
-
-
- - The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable
-
-
- - The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14 Oxidizing solids Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable
-
-
- - Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible
-
-
- - No data available. Besides, it is described that it attacks many metals (ICSC (1997)).

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Not classified
-
-
- - There are 5 reports of LD50 values of 351 mg/kg (female), 426 mg/kg (male) (SIDS (2008)), 2,600 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), JECFA FAS (1973)), 3,470 mg/kg (male, female) (SIDS (2008)) and 4,300 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2001)) for rats. Since 2 cases corresponded to Category 4, and 3 cases to "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification), it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification) to which the larger number of data corresponded.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Category 3


Danger
H311 P302+P352
P280
P312
P321
P361
P364
P405
P501
There are reports of an LD50 value of 500 mg/kg (male, female) for rabbits (PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001)) and an LD50 value of 1,669 mg/kg for rats (female) (SIDS (2008)). Since it corresponded to Category 3 and Category 4, respectively, it was classified in Category 3 to which the smallest LD50 value corresponded.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable
-
-
- - Liquid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. Although there is a report that in a test with rats exposed to the saturated vapor for 8 hours, no dead animals were observed (LC0 (8 hours) >3,850 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: >5,445 ppm)) (SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), it was not possible to judge which category the LC50 value corresponded to with this data alone, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." Besides, based on the description that it is a test with the saturated vapour, the reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapour without a mist. A new information source (SIDS (2008)) was added, and the category was revised.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. Although there is a report of an LC50 value (1 hour) of >19.7 mg/L for rats (converted 4-hour equivalent value: > 4.9 mg/L) (SIDS (2008)), the category could not be specified, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." Besides, since the LC50 value was higher than the saturated vapor concentration (11.7 mg/L), the reference value for a mist was applied.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1


Danger
H314 P301+P330+P331
P303+P361+P353
P305+P351+P338
P304+P340
P260
P264
P280
P310
P321
P363
P405
P501
Since after application of 0.5 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance to guinea pigs, mild to moderate edema, moderate to severe erythema and necrosis were observed at 2 hours after application, and necrosis was observed after 24 and 48 hours, it is considered to be corrosive (SIDS (2008)). In addition, there is a report that necrosis was observed after non-occlusive application of 0.01 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance to rabbits for 24 hours (SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above results, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified as "C; R34" in the EU DSD classification, and as "Skin Corr. 1B H314" in the EU CLP classification.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1


Danger
H318 P305+P351+P338
P280
P310
There are reports that severe eye damage was observed in an eye irritation test in which 0.05 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance was applied to rabbits (SIDS (2008)), and that it was corrosive (IUCLID (2000)). Besides, this substance was classified in Category 1 for skin irritation/corrosion. From the above results, it was classified in Category 1.
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, although there was 1 case report of asthmatic symptoms in humans (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), details were unknown, therefore, the data were judged to be insufficient for classification.
4 Skin sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, although there is a report that no sensitization was observed in a maximization test with guinea pigs (IUCLID (2000)), details were unknown, therefore, the data were judged to be insufficient for classification.
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - The substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in a micronucleus test with Chinese hamsters (SIDS (2008), PATTY (6th, 2012)). As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured mammalian cells (SIDS (2008), NTP DB (Access on September 2104), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)).
Besides, IUCLID information (in vivo dominant lethal test, in vivo and in vitro chromosomal aberration tests) described in the previous classification was excluded from the classification target because the test substance was different.
6 Carcinogenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - There are no carcinogenicity classification results by international organizations. Although there is a description that in a test in which this substance was administered by feeding to rats, forestomach neoplasia was observed. (PATTY (6th, 2012)), the details were unknown, therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data.
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.
In teratogenicity tests with rats, mice, hamsters and rabbits by the oral route (feeding) of calcium propionate, no effects on maternal survival, fetal survival and litter size were observed, and no abnormalities in the fetal skeletal system were observed either (PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2008)). From the above, although teratogenicity was not observed, there was not enough information on fertility, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible."
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 3 (Respiratory tract irritation)


Warning
H335 P304+P340
P403+P233
P261
P271
P312
P405
P501
This substance was irritating to the respiratory tract, and there is a report that cough and asthmatic response (stridor, etc.) were caused due to irritation to the respiratory mucosa by inhalation exposure in humans (SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). There were no data in experimental animals.
From the above, it was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).
It was described that "irritation of the respiratory system was observed in rats following inhalation exposure for 4-hour (HSDB (2000))" in the previous classification, but this information could not be confirmed.
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Classification not possible
-
-
- - There was no effect except that the urine showed slightly alkaline even if an adult male received the sodium salt of this substance up to 6,000 mg as a daily oral intake (JECFA FAS (1973), PATTY (6th, 2012)).
As for experimental animals, in studies in which rats were fed for 3 months or dogs for about 100 days, irritative changes of the mucosa of the forestomach at 50,000 ppm in rats (about 2,500 mg/kg/day (conversion was the numerical value of ppm divided by 20)) and hyperplasia in the esophageal mucosa at 30,000 ppm in dogs (equivalent to 1,832-1,848 mg/kg/day) were observed, and no significant toxicological findings other than local effects were observed in any tests (SIDS (2008), EPA Pesticide (1990), PATTY (6th, 2012)).
As in the above, based on the findings in humans and experimental animals, it corresponded to "Not classified" by the oral route, however, there was no toxicological information by the other routes, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Category 3
-
-
H402 P273
P501
It was classified in Category 3 from 48-hour EC50 = 22.7 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (SIDS, 2008).
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Not classified
-
-
- - Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Classification for acute toxicity was conducted using the test results on this substance of the acid, classification is conducted using the data on the salt for chronic toxicity. Because it corresponds to "Not classified" in all tests on the calcium salt: an algae growth inhibition test (72-hour EbC > 500 mg/L for Desmodesmus subspicatus), a crustacea acute immobilization test (48-hour EC50 > 100 mg/L for Daphnia magna), and a fish acute toxicity test (96-hour LC50 > 10000 mg/L for Leuciscus idus) (SIDS, 2008), and both propionic acid (water solubility = 1000000 mg/L, PHYSPROP Database 2009) and calcium propionate (water solubility = 260 g/L, NITE 2014) are not water-insoluble, it was classified as "Not classified."
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible
-
-
- - This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.


NOTE:
  • GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
  • Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
  • This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
  • Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
  • A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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