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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	110-62-3
Chemical Name	1-Pentanal (n-Valeraldehyde)
Substance ID	H26-B-092, R-040
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Category 2	Danger	H225	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	It was classified in Category 2 based on a flash point of 6 deg C (closed cup) and a boiling point of 103 deg C (GESTIS (Access on September 2014)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PG II (UN2058) in UNRTDG.
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 222 deg C (ICSC (2002)).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on reports of LD50 values of 3,000-6,400 mg/kg (JECFA FAS 40 (1998)) and 4,590 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2010), SIDS (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)) for rats, it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification).
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a report of an LD50 value of 4,860 mg/kg for rabbits (PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification).
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 4	Warning	H332	P304+P340 P261 P271 P312	Based on a report that in a 4-hour exposure test with rats, 3/6 animals died at 4,000 ppm (PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), and on a report of an LC50 value (4 hours) of 4,000 ppm for rats (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2010)), it was classified in Category 4. Besides, since the toxic values were lower than 90% of the saturated vapour concentration (33,564 ppm), the reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapour without a mist.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	Since there is a report that necrosis was observed when 0.5 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance was applied to guinea pigs (SIDS (2006)), it was concluded in the SIDS that it was corrosive. In addition, there is a report that it was severely irritating to the skin of guinea pigs (ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above, since there is the report of corrosion, it was classified in Category 1. By adding the information in SIDS (2006), the category was changed.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	There is a report that severe corneal necrosis was observed when 0.02 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance was applied to the eyes of rabbits (SIDS (2006)). Additionally, there is a report that it was severely irritating to the eyes of rabbits (ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Moreover, this substance was classified in Category 1 in the hazard class for Skin corrosion/irritation. From the above results, it was classified in Category 1.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There were no in vivo data on this substance. As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests and a sister chromatid exchange test with human lymphocytes, and it was positive in a mammalian cell gene mutation test (SIDS (2006), NTP DB (Access on October 2014)). From the above, it was classified as "Classification not possible." Besides, a micronucleus test with mice for valeric acid, a metabolite of this substance was negative (SIDS (2006)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)	Warning	H335 H336	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501	This substance is irritating to the respiratory tract (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2010), SIDS (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). In humans, it was reported that nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were observed by oral ingestion, and coughing and sore throat were observed by inhalation (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2010), ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Access on September 2014)). As for experimental animals, narcotic effects were observed in rats by inhalation or oral exposure, and respiratory tract irritation and decreased respiratory rate were observed in mice by the inhalation exposure (SIDS (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	In a test in which this substance was administered by gavage to rats for 90 days, no hazardous effects were observed except that diffuse hyperplasia in the squamous epithelium of the forestomach was observed at or above 100 mg/kg/day (male: upper limit of Category 2), or at or above 300 mg/kg/day (female) (Evaluation of effect for the food safety (Cabinet Office, Food Safety Commission, 2008), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.8, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2010)). Therefore, although it corresponded to "Not classified" through the oral route, there were no hazardous data through the other routes, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. Besides, it was concluded that there is no problem with safety if this substance will be used as a fragrance in foods (Evaluation of effect for the food safety (Food Safety Commission, 2008), JECFA FAS40 (1997)).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 3	- -	H402	P273 P501	It was classified in Category 3 from 96-hour LC50 = 13 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1998)).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" from 21-day NOEC = 2.5 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1998)) although it is rapidly degradable (a 28-day degradation rate by BOD in a test according to OECD TG 301D: 64.1% (SIDS, 2005)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (a 28-day degradation rate by BOD in a test according to OECD TG 301D: 64.1% (SIDS, 2005)), and a low bioaccumulation estimate (Log Pow = 1.31, PHYSPROP Database, 2009) despite 96-hour LC50 = 13 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Environment Agency in Japan (Environment Agency, 1998)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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