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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7789-00-6
Chemical Name	Potassium chromate
Substance ID	H26-B-141, R-087
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on December 2014)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on December 2014)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on December 2014)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	Because data of water solubility 62.9 g/100 cc (20 deg C) (HSDB (Access on December 2014)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water.
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen). Because it is a chromate, it is estimated to be oxidizing, but the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P361+P364 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	Based on a report of an LD50 value of 180 mg/kg for mice (HSDB (Access on December 2014)), it was classified in Category 3. Since a new information source (HSDB (Access on December 2014)) was added, the category was revised.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	As acute effects on humans, it is reported that application of this substance to the skin resulted in sloughing and necrosis of the skin (ATSDR (2012)). Additionally, there is a report that ulcers and scars were observed by exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance in an occupational exposure report (ATSDR (2012)). Moreover, although it is not a concrete test report, there are many reports that hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFG vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). From the above result, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "Xi; R38" by EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Irrit. 2 H315" by EU CLP classification.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	Since it was classified in Category 1 in skin corrosion/irritation, it was classified in Category 1 according to GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. Besides, this substance was classified in "Xi; R36" by EU DSD classification, and in "Eye Irrit. 2 H319" by EU CLP classification.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds caused asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	Chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)). Although this substance was not listed in this classification, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent or trivalent compounds in the OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989). In addition, although it is not information limited to this substance, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds were sensitizing to the skin (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Moreover, there is a report that sensitization was observed in a human patch test with hexavalent chromium compounds (ATSDR (2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R43" by EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Sens. 1 H317" by EU CLP classification.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	As for in vivo, there were some negative results but mostly positive data in micronucleus tests with mice and hamsters, and it was positive in a sister chromatid exchange test and a mouse peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA damage test, and it was negative in an unscheduled DNA synthesis test with rat hepatocytes (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)). As for in vitro, it was positive in a bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration tests with cultured mammalian cells and cultured human cells (ATSDR (2012), IARC 49 (1990)). From the above findings and since this substance is water-soluble Cr (VI), it was classified in Category 1B.
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (2001)), as K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), and in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, it was classified in 2 by EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	In a teratogenicity test with rats by the oral route (drinking water), although there were no descriptions of maternal toxicity, reproductive and developmental effects (pre- and post-implantation embryonic loss, increased fetal resorption, increased dead fetuses, reduced fetal weight, visceral malformations (dilation of the renal pelvis) and skeletal malformations (incomplete ossification of skull bone)) were observed (ATSDR (2012)). Additionally, in a developmental toxicity test with mice dosed by the oral route (drinking water) during pregnancy and lactation, a delay in vaginal opening was observed in female pups, decreases in the numbers of pregnancy, of implantations and of viable fetuses were observed when the female offspring were mated at age 60 days with untreated males. No developmental effects were observed in the male offspring (ATSDR (2012)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1B. In addition, chromium and its compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (correspond to Category 2) in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2014) by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH). However, because the classification of Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits was in a provisional period, it was not adopted.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, haemal system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	As for human data for this substance, there were only cases by dermal applications and no data for the inhalation route nor the oral route. As for a datum in 1920, in a case of 12 individuals who died of skin infection due to skin necrosis that was caused by dermal application of salves made up with this substance used to treat scabies, skin burns, vomiting and renal failure were observed. Autopsies revealed fatty degeneration of the heart, hyperemia and necrosis of the kidney tubules, and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa. Moreover, in this case, in addition to the findings of hemolytic anemia, severe leukocytosis was observed. Also, it was reported that acute nephritis with albuminuria, oliguria and polyuria were found, and hyperemia and tubular necrosis in the kidney were observed on autopsy of dead individuals (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). There are no data of this substance on experimental animals. There are reports that respiratory tract irritation, respiratory tract inflammation, nose and chest pain, cough, dyspnea, cyanosis and kidney damage were observed by human inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds, that vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, liver necrosis and renal tubular necrosis in the kidney were observed by human oral exposure, and that severe respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, renal, and neurological effects were reported in accidental or intentional human ingestion at high-doses (ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 78 (2013), EHC 61 (1988), EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012)). Data on this substance were all by dermal application to the human skin. However, this substance is a hexavalent chromium compound, and it was considered possible to use the toxicity findings of hexavalent chromium compounds for classification of this substance. The findings of the gastrointestinal tract were not adopted as effects of local irritation. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There are descriptions that the main toxic effects developing in humans repeatedly exposed by inhalation to hexavalent water-soluble chromium via dusts or an aqueous solution of sodium salts or potassium salts of chromic acid or dichromic acid including this substance were effects on the respiratory organs such as ulceration and perforations of the nasal septum, inflammation of the respiratory tract, emphysema, lung fibrosis and chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy (EU-RAR (2005), CICAD 78 (2013)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that after administration by gavage of this substance to rats at 13.5 mg Cr/kg/day for 20 days, accumulations of lipids in the liver, and changes and localization of liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, etc.) were observed at the dose corresponding to category 2 (equivalent to 11.2 mg/kg/day), based on the converted guidance value for this substance (ATSDR (2013)). In addition, both in a 9-week dietary administration test of potassium dichromate, another hexavalent chromium compound, to rats or mice (EU-RAR (2005)) and in a 90-day administration test in which sodium dichromate dihydrate was dosed to rats and mice in drinking water (CICAD 78 (2013)), no effects on the liver were observed. Moreover, there was no description of liver damage as effects of repeated exposure to chromium compounds in humans (ATSDR (2013)). Therefore, the above liver effects on rats were not used for classification. From the above, because it was considered appropriate to evaluate this substance as a hexavalent chromium compound, this substance was also classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 48-hour EC50 = 0.18 mg/L for crustacea (a kind of Daphnia) (EU-RAR, 2005).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. It was classified in Category 1 due to unknown environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound, and 48-hour EC50 = 0.18 mg/L for crustacea (a kind of Daphnia) (EU-RAR, 2005).
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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