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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7789-09-5
Chemical Name	Ammonium dichromate
Substance ID	H26-B-143, R-089
Classification year (FY)	FY2014
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition)
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
6	Flammable liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is classified in Division 5.1, PG II (UN1439) in UNRTDG, not corresponding to Division 4.1 of the higher precedence.
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is classified in Division 5.1 PG II (UN1439) in UNRTDG and is classified as oxidizing solids.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 190 deg C (HSDB (Access on December 2014)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	In UNRTDG, it is classified in Division 5.1, PG II (UN1439), which is lower than Division 4.2, PG II, but higher than Division 4.2, PG III. Because Division 4.2, PG III cannot be denied, the classification is not possible due to no data.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	Because data of water solubility: 36 g/100 mL (20 deg C) (ICSC (2013)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water.
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).
14	Oxidizing solids	Category 2	Danger	H272	P370+P378 P210 P220 P221 P280 P501	Because it is classified in Division 5.1 PG II (UN1439) in UNRTDG, it was classified in Category 2. Besides, it is described that the test result was PG III, but PG II is currently assigned (UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria (2009)).
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 2	Danger	H300	P301+P310 P361+P364 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	There are 4 reports of LD50 values of 22 mg/kg (male), 19 mg/kg (female) (ATSDR (2012)), 55 mg/kg (male) and 48 mg/kg (female) for rats (EU-RAR (2005)). It was classified in Category 2 to which most of the data (3 cases) corresponded.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 3	Danger	H311	P302+P352 P280 P312 P321 P361 P364 P405 P501	There are 2 reports of LD50 values of 763 mg/kg (ATSDR (2012)) and 1,860 mg/kg for rabbits (EU-RAR (2005)). Since one case corresponds to Category 3 and the other corresponds to Category 4, it was classified in Category 3 based on the smaller LD50 value. A new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, and the category was revised.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Category 2	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	There are three reports of LC50 values (4 hours) of 0.082 mg/L (male), 0.045 mg/L (female) (ATSDR (2012)) and 0.2 mg/L for rats (EU-RAR (2005)). It was classified in Category 2 to which most data corresponded.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	There is a report that after applying this substance to rabbits for 4 hours, erythema and oedema of grade 3 or less were observed, and the response was still present after 6 days (EU-RAR (2005)). Among occupational exposure reports, there is a report that ulcers and scars were observed by exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance (ATSDR (2012)), and there is a description that this substance was irritating to the skin (HSDB (Access on December 2014)). In addition, although there are no concrete test reports, there are many reports that hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFGOT vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). From the above result, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified as "C; R34" in EU DSD classification, and as "Skin Corr. 1B H314" in EU CLP classification.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	Since it was classified in Category 1 in skin corrosion/irritation, it was classified in Category 1 according to GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. Besides, there is a description that this substance was irritating to the eyes (HSDB (Access on December 2014)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds caused asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified as "R42" in the EU DSD classification, and as "Resp. Sens. 1 H334" in the EU CLP classification.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	Chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)). Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent or trivalent compounds in the OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989). In addition, although it is not information limited to this substance, there is a description that hexavalent chromium compounds were sensitizing to the skin (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Moreover, there is a report that sensitization was observed in a human patch test with hexavalent chromium compounds (ATSDR (2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified as "R43" in EU DSD classification, and as "Skin Sens. 1 H317" in EU CLP classification.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Data of in vitro mutagenicity tests (Ames test) were positive and these data were the only data for this substance (EHC 61 (1988)). Water-soluble Cr (VI) was evaluated to be an in vivo germ cell mutagen (EU-RAR (2005)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1B by applying the evaluation in EU-RAR (2005) on this substance, which is water-soluble Cr (VI). Although it was classified in Category 2 in the previous classification, the category was changed due to the reasons described above.
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), as K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), and in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, it was classified in 2 by the EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	There are no data on this substance. However, as for reproductive toxicity of chromium (VI), potassium dichromate (CAS: 7778-50-9) and potassium chromate (CAS: 7789-00-6), water-soluble compounds just like this substance, were classified in Category 1B. Therefore, this substance was also classified in Category 1B. Besides, chromium and its compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (correspond to Category 2) in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2014) by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH). However, because the classification of Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits was in a provisional period, it was not adopted. Besides, as for reproductive toxicity of chromium (VI), see also potassium dichromate, CAS: 7778-50-9. In addition, this substance is classified as "Repr. 1B H360FD" in EU CLP classification and as "Repr. Cat. 2; R60-61" in EU DSD classification.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, haemal system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	There are a few data on this substance. Nausea, severe dehydration, irregular respiration, labored breathing, caustic burns in the mouth and pharynx, vomiting, blood in the vomitus, bloody diarrhea and hemorrhage in the small intestine were observed after ingestion of this substance through the oral route for humans (ATSDR (2012)). In experimental animals, gastrointestinal mucosal corrosion and pulmonary congestion were observed when 55 mg/kg of this substance was dosed to rats through the oral route. Hypoactivity, diarrhea, dermal necrosis, eschar formation, dermal edema and erythema were observed by dermally applying 336-763 mg/kg to rabbits. Respiratory tract irritation and respiratory disorder were observed when rats were exposed by inhalation at 0.029-0.045 mg/L (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). The findings in experimental animals were all within the range of Category 1. There are reports that respiratory tract irritation, respiratory tract inflammation, nose and chest pain, cough, dyspnea, cyanosis and kidney damage were observed by human inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds, that vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, liver necrosis and renal tubular necrosis in the kidney were observed by human oral exposure, and that severe respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, renal, and neurological effects were reported by accidental or intentional human ingestion at high-doses (ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 78 (2013), EHC 61 (1988), EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012)). Although there are no data on this substance, this substance was a hexavalent chromium compound and it is considered possible to use the toxicity findings of hexavalent chromium compounds for classification of this substance. The findings on the gastrointestinal tract were not adopted as effects of local irritation. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney). The previous classification was changed.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There are no reports of clear effects by repeated exposure to this substance in either humans or experimental animals. However, in the Hazard Assessment Report of a series of hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance, there is a description that in humans who were exposed occupationally to hexavalent chromium compounds, irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes were observed, which may cause ulcer/perforations in the nasal septum (CICAD 78 (2013)). Therefore, this substance was also classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) like other hexavalent chromium compounds.
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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