GHS Classification Result

日本語で表示



GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 7789-12-0
Chemical Name Disodium heptaoxidodichromate dihydrate
Substance ID H28-A-078, C-140A
Classification year (FY) FY2016
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised New
Classification result in other fiscal year  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not applicable
-
-
- -  There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2 Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition).
3 Aerosols Not applicable
-
-
- -  Not aerosol products.
4 Oxidizing gases Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition).
5 Gases under pressure Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition).
6 Flammable liquids Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition).
7 Flammable solids Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data available.
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not applicable
-
-
- -  Due to an oxidizing substance, a pure substance is excluded from the criteria for self-reactivity (UN GHS 2.8.1).
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition).
10 Pyrophoric solids Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data available.
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data available.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified
-
-
- -  It contains a metal (Cr), but it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water due to the observation result of very soluble in water (16514 Chemical Products (The Chemical Daily Co., Ltd., 2014)).
13 Oxidizing liquids Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition).
14 Oxidizing solids Classification not possible
-
-
- -  It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen, but the classification is not possible due to no data. Besides, there is the information that it is a strong oxidizer (16514 Chemical Products (The Chemical Daily Co., Ltd., 2014)).
15 Organic peroxides Not applicable
-
-
- -  It is an inorganic compound.
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 3


Danger
H301 P301+P310
P264
P270
P321
P330
P405
P501
 Based on the LD50 values (OECD TG 401) of 252.4 mg/kg (male) and 181.0 mg/kg (female) for rats (JECDB (Access on October 2016)), this substance was classified in Category 3.
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Category 3


Danger
H311 P302+P352
P361+P364
P280
P312
P321
P405
P501
 Based on the LD50 values of 336 mg/kg (male) and 361 mg/kg (female) for rabbits (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)), this substance was classified in Category 3.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Not applicable
-
-
- -  Solid (GHS definition)
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Category 1


Danger
H330 P304+P340
P403+P233
P260
P271
P284
P310
P320
P405
P501
 As LC50 values (4 hours) for rats, there were 2 reports of 70 mg/m3 (male) and 31 mg/m3 (female) (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). One corresponds to Category 1, and the other corresponds to Category 2. The substance was classified in Category 1 by adopting a more hazardous category.
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1


Danger
H314 P301+P330+P331
P303+P361+P353
P305+P351+P338
P304+P340
P260
P264
P280
P310
P321
P363
P405
P501
 Although information on this substance (hydrate) could not be obtained, it is reported that in a study in which the anhydrate of this substance with water solubility as well was applied to the rabbit skin for 4 hours, skin erythema, edema and necrosis were observed (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, it is concluded in EU RAR that hexavalent chromium compounds with high water solubility cause severe skin effects under certain conditions (EU-RAR (2005)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1.
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1


Danger
H318 P305+P351+P338
P280
P310
 Based on the report that hexavalent chromium compounds with high water solubility including this substance cause severe effects on the skin under certain conditions (EU-RAR (2005)), and the description that they cause severe damage to eyes (EU-RAR (2005)), this substance was classified in Category 1. Besides, it is described that in a primary eye irritation test using rabbits, as the result of instillation of a solution of anhydrate of this substance, no irritation was observed in rabbits eyes, but the details of this test were unknown (ATSDR (2012)).
4 Respiratory sensitization Category 1B


Danger
H334 P304+P340
P342+P311
P261
P284
P501
 Chromium and chromium compounds are designated as Group 2 of airway sensitizer in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH)) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits Vol. 58 (2016)), therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1B. Besides, it is reported that workers handling compounds containing hexavalent chromium developed respiratory organs sensitization such as asthma and dyspnea (ATSDR (2012)).
4 Skin sensitization Category 1A


Warning
H317 P302+P352
P333+P313
P362+P364
P261
P272
P280
P321
P501
 Chromium and chromium compounds are designated as Group 1 of skin sensitizer in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits Vol. 58 (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2016), therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1A. Besides, for compounds containing hexavalent chromium, dermatitis suggesting sensitization was seen in workers who were occupationally exposed (CICAD 78 (2013)), in addition, a positive result was reported in a skin sensitization test using guinea pigs (ATSDR (2012)).
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Category 1B


Danger
H340 P308+P313
P201
P202
P280
P405
P501
 As for in vivo, micronucleus tests using peripheral blood erythrocytes or bone marrow cells of mice dosed by drinking water were negative and positive, and a micronucleus test using bone marrow cells of mice by intraperitoneal administration was positive (NTP DB (Access on October 2016), ATSDR (2012)). As for in vitro, bacterial reversion mutation tests and mammalian cell chromosomal aberration tests were positive (NTP DB (Access on October 2016), JECDB (Access on October 2016), ATSDR (2012)). Although there is no data on in vivo germ cell mutagenicity and in vivo germ cell genotoxicity of this substance, water soluble Cr (VI) was evaluated to have in vivo germ cell mutagenicity (EU-RAR (2005)). Therefore, by applying the evaluation of EU-RAR (2005) to this substance which is water soluble Cr (VI), it was classified in Category 1B.
6 Carcinogenicity Category 1A


Danger
H350 P308+P313
P201
P202
P280
P405
P501
 It is reported that in 2-year carcinogenicity studies using rats and mice given this substance (sodium dichromate dihydrate) by drinking water, in rats, elevated incidences of squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma of the oral mucosa or tongue were reported, and in mice, an increased incidence of adenoma and cancer (combined) of the small intestine was reported (NTP TR546 (2008), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). This substance corresponds to a hexavalent chromium compound, and hexavalent chromium compounds were classified in Group 1 by IARC (IARC 100C (2010)), classified in K (Known (to be) human carcinogen) by both EPA (IRIS (1998)) and NTP (NTP RoC (13th, 2014)), classified in A1 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), and classified in Group 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2016)), respectively. From the above, this substance was classified in Category 1A for this hazard class.
7 Reproductive toxicity Category 1B


Danger
H360 P308+P313
P201
P202
P280
P405
P501
 In a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD TG 422) using rats given this substance by gavage, at 30 mg/kg/day where general toxic effects (a decrease in hemoglobin, an increase in reticulocyte count, erosion and ulceration in the stomach, etc.) were observed, extension of gestation period was observed, but other effects on reproduction and development were not observed in either parental animals or offspring (JECDB (Access on October 2016)). There is no other report on toxicity of this substance itself. However, this substance corresponds to a hexavalent chromium compound, and information of hexavalent chromium compounds on reproductive effects is considered to be applicable. In humans, it is reported that occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium caused decreases in sperm count and sperm motility, and significant correlations of chromium blood concentrations with increased sperm tail defects, decreased sperm count, and decreased sperm motility were observed, and sperm vitality decreased as chromium concentrations increased (CICAD 78 (2013)).
 As for experimental animals, it is reported that in a test in which male mice were given potassium dichromate in the diet for 7weeks, reduced sperm counts, degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, and an increase in morphologically changed sperm were observed (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)). In addition, in 2 tests, in which female mice were given potassium dichromate by drinking water for 20 days, a decrease in fertility (when females were mated with untreated males after dosing), a decrease in number of corpora lutea, an increase in preimplantation embryo loss, and an increase in estrus cycle were reported in 1 test (CICAD 76 (2013)), and reduction in the number of matured follicles, histological alterations in the ovaries (pyknotic nuclei in follicular cells, atretic follicles, etc.), and an increase in estrus cycle were reported in the other test (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)). Similarly, in a test in which female rats were given potassium dichromate by drinking water for 90 days, disappearance of estrus cycle was observed at doses at which suppression of body weight gain was observed (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)). On the other hand, in tests in which potassium dichromate was administered in drinking water to female mice prior to gestation, and administered in drinking water to pregnant mice, decreased fetal weights, an increased incidence of post-implantation loss, an increase in fetal mortality, subdermal hemorrhagic patches, kinky and short tails, and other developmental toxicity were observed at doses lower than maternal toxicity expression (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012)).
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney)


Danger
H370 P308+P311
P260
P264
P270
P321
P405
P501
 This substance is a hexavalent chromium compound. As for humans, it is reported that acute inhalation exposure to mist of aqueous solutions of this substance or chromium trioxide anhydride (CAS RN 1333-82-0), which is other hexavalent chromium compound, caused inflammation of the respiratory tract, pain in the nose and chest, cough, dyspnea, and cyanosis (EU-RAR (2005)). As for oral ingestion, there is one case in which a child who accidentally ingested this substance (intake amount was unknown) died from cardiopulmonary arrest, and general edema, pulmonary edema, severe bronchitis, acute bronchopneumonia, hypoxic changes in the myocardium, liver congestion, necrosis of the liver, renal tubules, and gastrointestinal tract were observed at autopsy (ATSDR (2012)). There are several case reports on accidental or suicide attempt oral ingestion of chromium trioxide anhydride or potassium dichromate (CAS RN 7778-50-9), which is other hexavalent chromium compound; as effects on the respiratory organs, congestion of the lung and respiratory failure were observed, as effects on the cardiovascular system, reduced blood pressure and heart rate were observed, as effects on the liver, liver congestion, hepatocyte necrosis, jaundice, bilirubin increase, elevation of liver-function related enzyme value were observed, as effects on the kidney, symptoms of acute renal failure showing proteinuria, oliguria, hematuria, and anuria; kidney hypertrophy; edema; necrosis of renal tubules were observed (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012)). Symptoms of liver and kidney were also observed in surviving cases (EU-RAR (2005)). As for experimental animals, in single oral administration test using rats, it was reported that hypoactivity, bradypnea, loose stool, lacrimation, cyanosis were observed at dose of 180 mg/kg, which is equivalent to Category 1 (JECDB (Access on October 2016)). In addition, it was reported that respiratory distress, irritation of the upper respiratory tract were observed due to a single inhalation exposure of this substance in rats, at the dose of Category 1 (CICAD 78 (2013)). Together with the data on this substance and other hexavalent chromium compounds, this substance is thought to affect respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, liver and kidney. The findings of gastrointestinal tract were judged to be the influence of local stimulation and thus, not adopted as the target organ. From the above, this substance was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (respiratory organs, haemal system, liver), Category 2 (kidney)


Danger
Warning
H372
H373
P260
P264
P270
P314
P501
 As for humans, it is described that major toxic effects occurring in humans exposed to repeated inhalation exposure to water soluble hexavalent chromium by dust or aqueous solution of sodium or potassium salt of chromic or dichromic acid are effects on the respiratory organs, and the symptoms include ulceration and perforation of the nasal septum, inflammation of the respiratory tract, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary (CICAD 78 (2013), EU-RAR (2005)).
 As for experimental animals, in a 3-month repeated dose study using rats or mice dosed by drinking-water, as for rats, at or above 62.5 mg/L, which is equivalent to category 1 (converted value in the evaluation: 5 mg/kg/day), microcytic hypochromic anemia, increase in ALT activity, increase in solbitol dehyderogenase (SDH) activity, increase of bile acid, histiocytic cell infiltration in pancreatic lymph nodes were observed, at or above 125 mg/L (converted value in the evaluation: 10 mg/kg/day), histiocytic cell infiltration of the duodenum and liver were observed, at doses of 1,000 mg/L (converted value in the evaluation: 60 mg/kg/day), lymphocyte hyperplasia and sinusoidal ectasia in the pancreatic lymph node, focal ulcer, regenerative epithelial hyperplasia, and squamous epithelial metaplasia in the glandular stomach, bone marrow hyperplasia were observed. As for mice, at 62.5 mg/L (converted value in the evaluation: 9 mg/kg/day) which is equivalent to Category 1, or higher, epithelial hyperplasia of the duodenum was observed, at 125 mg/L (converted value in the evaluation: 15 mg/kg/day) which is equivalent to Category 2, or higher, histiocytic cellular infiltration (duodenum, mesenteric lymph nodes) was observed (NTP TOX72 (2007), CICAD 78 (2013)). In a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test using rats dosed by gavage, at 6 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 2.5 mg/kg/day (male), 2.7-3.5 mg/kg/day (female)) which is equivalent to category 1, erosion and ulceration in the stomach were observed, at 30 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 12.3 mg/kg/day (male), 13.7-17.7 mg/kg/day (female)), which is equivalent to Category 2, decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, an increase in reticulocyte count, a decrease in hemoglobin, and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells of the kidney were observed (JECDB (Access on October 2016)). Also, in 2-year repeated dose tests using rats and mice dosed by drinking-water, at dose of Category 1 - 2, microcytic hypochromic anemia, histiocytic cellular infiltration in the liver were observed in rats and mice, liver lesions (chronic inflammation, fatty change, basophilic focus, and clear cell focus) were observed in rats, and diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of the duodenum/jejunum and histiocytic cell infiltration (duodenum, jejunum, mesenteric lymph node, pancreatic lymph node) were observed in mice (NTP TR546 (2008), CICAD 78 (2013)).
 From the above, effects on respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract, haemal system, lymphatic system, liver, and kidney were observed. As for the gastrointestinal tract, it was considered to be due to irritation, and as for the lymphatic system, it was considered to be secondary findings related to the small intestinal lesions, therefore, both were not regarded as target organs.
 Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, haemal system, liver), and Category 2 (kidney).
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- -  Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) Category 1


Warning
H400 P273
P391
P501
 From 48-hour EC50 = 0.48 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2001)), it was classified in Category 1.
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) Category 1


Warning
H410 P273
P391
P501
 Although environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound is unknown, from 14-day NOEC (reproduction) = 0.0025 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (CICAD 78, 2013), it was classified in Category 1.
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible
-
-
- -  No data available.


NOTE:
* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted.
* Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement.
Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file.
* Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government,
and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users.
* This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice.
* The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users.
* Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are
based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations.

To GHS Information