GHS Classification Result
GENERAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE INFORMATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
GENERAL INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| CAS RN | 75-05-8 |
| Chemical Name | Acetonitrile |
| Substance ID | H29-B-052 |
| Classification year (FY) | FY2017 |
| Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
| New/Revised | Revised |
| Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
| Download of Excel format | Excel file |
REFERENCE INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
| Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
| Model Label by MHLW (External link) | |
| Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
| Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
| 2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Category 2 |
 Danger |
H225 |
P303+P361+P353
P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501 |
Based on a flash point of 2 deg C and a boiling point 82 deg C (GESTIS (Access on June 2017)), it was classified in Category 2. Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PGII in UNRTDG (UN 1648). |
| 7 | Flammable solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 524 deg C (HSDB (Access on June 2017)). |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
| Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There are ten reports of LD50 values for rats of 1,315 mg/kg (male), 1,730 mg/kg (female), 2,230 mg/kg (female), 2,460 mg/kg (male), 3,053 mg/kg (male), 3,200 mg/kg, 3,445 mg/kg (male), 3,800 mg/kg, 4,050 mg/kg (female), and 6,702 mg/kg (female) (EHC 154 (1993)). Two cases correspond to Category 4, and eight cases correspond to "Not classified" (seven cases of these correspond to Category 5 in UN GHS classification). It was classified as "Not classified" by adopting the category with the larger number of cases. The category was changed from the previous classification according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Category 3 |
 Danger |
H311 |
P302+P352
P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501 |
There are three reports of LD50 values for rabbits of 395 mg/kg (male) (75% aqueous solution), 978.8 mg/kg (male) (undiluted solution) (EHC 154 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)), and 3,915 mg/kg (undiluted solution) (EHC 154 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Two cases correspond to Category 3, and one case corresponds to "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification). It was classified in Category 3 by adopting the category with the larger number of cases. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Category 4 |
 Warning |
H332 |
P304+P340
P261 P271 P312 |
Based on an LC50 value for rats of 16,000 ppm (female and male) in a 4-hour inhalation exposure test (EHC 154 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), PATTY (6th, 2012)) and LC50 values for rats of 7,551 ppm (male) (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 10,679 ppm) and 12,435 ppm (female) (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 17,586 ppm) (EHC 154 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)) in an 8-hour inhalation exposure test, it was classified in Category 4. The category was changed from the previous classification. Besides, since the LC50 values were lower than 90% of the saturated vapor pressure concentration (98,020 ppm), a reference value in the unit of ppm was applied as vapour with little mist. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on reports that this substance was not irritating or showed slight irritation in multiple skin irritation tests with rabbits (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), EU-RAR (2002)), it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 3 in UN GHS classification). |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H319 |
P305+P351+P338
P337+P313 P264 P280 |
Based on reports that eye irritation of this substance was moderate or severe in eye irritation tests with rabbits (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), EU-RAR (2002)), it was classified in Category 2. Besides, this substance was classified as "Eye Irrit. 2" in EU CLP classification (ECHA CL Inventory (Access on June 2017)). |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | There is a description that it was negative in a skin sensitization test with guinea pigs (EU-RAR (2002)). However, since this was the result from only one test, it was classified as "Classification not possible." |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
As for in vivo, a micronucleus test with peripheral blood of mice exposed by inhalation was positive, micronucleus tests with bone marrow cells and peripheral blood of mice given intraperitoneal administration were negative, and an unscheduled DNA synthesis test with hepatocytes of rats was negative (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), ACGIH (7th, 2002), DFGOT Vol.19 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), IRIS Tox. Review (1999), EHC 154 (1993), NTP TR447 (1996), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)). As for in vitro, bacterial reverse mutation tests were negative, a gene mutation test, a mouse lymphoma test and a chromosomal aberration test with mammalian cultured cells were negative, and a sister chromatid exchange test was weakly positive (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), ACGIH (7th, 2002), DFGOT Vol.19 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), IRIS Tox. Review (1999), EHC 154 (1993), NTP TR447 (1996), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)). From the above, since on top of the fact that there are defects and an unclear dose response in both of the two micronucleus tests reported as positive in the in vivo tests (the test with bone marrow cells of mice given intraperitoneal administration, the test with erythrocytes of mice exposed by inhalation), the micronucleus tests performed according to OECD TG (tests with bone marrow cells and peripheral blood of mice given intraperitoneal administration) were negative, it is described in the EU-RAR that it is not possible to clearly judge the presence or absence of genotoxicity as a comprehensive genotoxicity evaluation. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" since there is no clear positive finding in micronucleus tests. Since the positive result in the micronucleus test described in the previous classification was unclear, the category was reviewed. |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | In carcinogenicity studies with rats and mice exposed by inhalation for two years, a marginal increase in the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (combined) was observed at the high dose in male rats, but no increase in the incidence of neoplastic lesions was observed in female rats and female and male mice (NTP TR447 (1996)). It is concluded in NTP that there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity in male rats, and there was no evidence of carcinogenicity in female rats and female and male mice (NTP TR447 (1996)). As for classifications by other organizations, ACGIH classified it in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2002)) and EPA as CBD (cannot be determined) (IRIS (1999)). From the above, it was classified as "Classification not possible." |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | In developmental toxicity tests with pregnant rats or pregnant rabbits orally dosed, no severe developmental effect was observed in fetuses even at the highest dose (275 mg/kg/day in rats, 30 mg/kg/day in rabbits) where deaths, suppressed body weight gain, and increased resorptions were observed in maternal animals (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), ACGIH (7th, 2002), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)). In addition, even in two developmental toxicity tests with pregnant rats exposed by inhalation, no effect was observed in fetuses at doses where deaths were observed in maternal animals (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), ACGIH (7th, 2002)). Besides, in a single inhalation test with pregnant hamsters exposed on gestational day 8, teratogenesis such as exencephaly, encephalocele, and fusion of the ribs were reported at or above the concentration twice as high as the concentrations where deaths occurred in maternal animals (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), ACGIH (7th, 2002), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)). From the above, it is considered that from the results of experimental animals, it is unlikely that the substance shows developmental effects in experimental animals by the oral and inhalation route, but there is no information on fertility and sexual function, therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data. |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs) |
 Danger |
H370 |
P308+P311
P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
As for humans, multiple cases are reported including cases of ingestion of this substance by accident or in a suicide attempt and acute inhalation exposure cases due to accidents in plants. There is a description that acute effects were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, convulsions, coma, etc., resulting in death in the severe cases (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). In addition, there is a report of irritation of the nose and throat by inhalation exposure (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that in a single oral dose test with mice, hypoactivity, tremors, weakness, decreased righting reflex, labored breathing, convulsions, gasping, and salivation were observed at 300-2,000 mg/kg/day within the range of Category 2 (EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). In addition, there are reports that hypoactivity, abnormal gait, loss of righting reflex, bradypnea, labored breathing, rapid respiration, gasping, hypothermia, hindlimb extension, lateral position, and yellowing of coat were observed at 3,039-5,000 ppm within the range of Category 2 in a 4-hour single inhalation exposure test with mice (EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)), and that severe dyspnea, gasping, tremors and convulsions were observed at 500-5,000 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 250-2,500 ppm, corresponding to within the range of Category 2) in a one-hour single inhalation exposure test with mice (EHC 154 (1993), EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Moreover, there is a report that pulmonary hemorrhage and congestion were observed in both surviving cases and death cases in an 8-hour single inhalation exposure test with rats (EU-RAR (2002), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Although there was no detailed description of doses in this study, LC50 values (converted 4-hour equivalent value) were reported to be 10,678 ppm (male) and 17,585 ppm (female), and it is considered that effects were observed at doses within the range of Category 2. From the above information, it is considered that this substance affects the central nervous system and respiratory organs. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs). |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 2 (haemal system, central nervous system, respiratory organs, liver, kidney) |
Warning |
H373 |
P260
P314 P501 |
No information on humans is available. As for experimental animals, in a 13-week inhalation toxicity test (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) with rats exposed to the vapour, at or above 800 ppm (1,340 mg/m3 (converted guidance value: 0.97 mg/L)) within the guidance value range for Category 2, deaths, hypoactivity, rough fur, decreased thymus weight, anemia symptoms (decreases in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value) were found, and in death cases, pulmonary congestion and edema, hemorrhage in the pulmonary alveoli and brain, decreased bone marrow cells, thymic atrophy, decreased lymphocytes in the spleen, and decreased corpora lutea in the ovary were observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO 2007), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004), NTP TR447 (1996)), and in a 90-day inhalation toxicity test (7 hours/day, 5 days/week) with rats exposed to the vapour, atelectasis and histiocyte clumps in the alveoli at or above 166 ppm (279 mg/m3 (converted guidance value: 0.33 mg/L)) within the guidance value range for Category 2, and bronchitis and pneumonia at or above 330 ppm (554 mg/m3 (converted guidance value: 0.65 mg/L)) were observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), EU-RAR (2002)). In addition, in a 13-week inhalation toxicity test (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) with mice exposed to the vapour, increased liver weight at or above 100 ppm (168 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.12 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 1, focal ulceration with epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach at or above 200 ppm (335 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.24 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2, deaths and hepatocellular vacuolation at 400 ppm (670 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.48 mg/L), and hypoactivity, hunched position, and muscle stiffness at 800 ppm (1,340 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.97 mg/L) were observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007), NTP TR447 (1996)). In a 92-day inhalation toxicity test (6.5 hours/day, 5 days/week) with mice exposed to the vapour, increased liver weight at or above 100 ppm (168 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.18 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 1, and deaths, decreases in erythrocyte count and hematocrit value, and hepatocellular vacuolation at or above 200 ppm (335 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.36 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2 were observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). Other than these, in a 91-day inhalation toxicity test (7 hours/day, 5 days/week) with monkeys exposed to the vapour, bleeding of the superior or inferior sagittal sinus in the brain, caseous tubercle of the lung, discoloration of the liver, focal emphysema, diffuse hyperplasia of the alveolar epithelium, acute bronchitis, focal macrophage pigmentation, and cloudy swelling of the kidney proximal tubules were observed at 350 ppm (588 mg/m3) (converted guidance value: 0.69 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2 (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2007)). From the above, it was classified in Category 2 (haemal system, central nervous system, respiratory organs, liver, kidney). Besides, since the findings in the forestomach were considered to be due to irritation, they were not adopted as evidence for the classification. |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, the kinematic viscosity is calculated to be 0.444 mm2/sec (20 deg C) from the numerical data (Viscosity: 0.35 mPa*s (20 deg C), density (specific gravity): 0.78745) listed on HSDB (Access on June 2017). |
| Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | From 72-hour EC50 (rate method) >700 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), 96-hour LC50 >100 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (both Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)), and 96-hour LC50 >100 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)), it was classified as "Not classified." |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Due to being rapidly degradable (readily biodegradable, average degradation rate by BOD: 65% (J-CHECK, 1998)), no bioaccumulation (LogPow: -0.34 (PHYSPROP Database: 2017)), 21-day NOEC (reproduction inhibition) = 960 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 3 (Ministry of the Environment, 2004)), and 72-hour NOEC (rate method) = 700 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)), it was classified as "Not classified." |
| 12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
NOTE:
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* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted. * Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement. Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file. * Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. * Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations. |