GHS Classification Result
GENERAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE INFORMATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
GENERAL INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| CAS RN | 8006-64-2 |
| Chemical Name | Turpentine oil |
| Substance ID | H29-B-088 |
| Classification year (FY) | FY2017 |
| Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
| New/Revised | Revised |
| Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
| Download of Excel format | Excel file |
REFERENCE INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
| Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
| Model Label by MHLW (External link) | |
| Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | |
| OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
| Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
| 2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Category 3 |
 Warning |
H226 |
P303+P361+P353
P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501 |
A flash point is 30-46 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (J) (2002)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PGIII in UNRTDG (UN 1299). |
| 7 | Flammable solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 220 deg C (GESTIS (Access on September 2017)). |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
| Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on a reported LD50 value of 5,760 mg/kg for rats (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), it was classified as "Not classified." It was classified in Category 2 in the previous classification based on the report of human lethal doses of 210-1,260 mg/kg, however, since the LD50 value for rats was used as the rationale according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government, the category was changed. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There is no information on an LD50 value, but there is a report of 5,010 mg/kg as the LDLo value for rabbits (Chem ID (Access on November 2017)), and the LD50 value is considered to be larger than this value. Therefore, it was classified as "Not classified." |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Category 3 |
 Danger |
H331 |
P304+P340
P403+P233 P261 P271 P311 P321 P405 P501 |
There are 3 reports of LC50 values for rats of 3,590 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 1,795 ppm) in a one-hour inhalation exposure test (ACGIH (7th, 2003)); 13.7 mg/L (2,466 ppm) in a 4-hour inhalation exposure test (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)); and 2,150 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 2,633 ppm) in a 6-hour inhalation exposure test (ACGIH (7th, 2003)). Two cases correspond to Category 3, and one case corresponds to Category 4. By adopting the category with a larger number of cases, it was classified in Category 3. Besides, a reference value in the units of ppm was applied as vapour with little mist because the exposure concentrations were lower than 90% of the saturated vapour pressure concentration (4,950 ppm). |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 2 |
 Warning |
H315 |
P302+P352
P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321 |
Based on a description that this substance is irritating to the skin in humans (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2003), PATTY (6th, 2012)), a description that in a skin irritation test with rabbits, ulcers were caused on shaved skin after an application of this substance, and irritation was observed (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), and a description that after an application of 75% and 100% solutions of this substance to mouse skin, all 10 animals developed ulceration on the skin surface (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), it was classified in Category 2. |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H319 |
P305+P351+P338
P337+P313 P264 P280 |
Based on a description that this substance is irritating to the eyes in humans, and may be corrosive (PATTY (6th, 2012)), it was classified in Category 2. The content of the information source was revised, and the category was changed from the previous classification. |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Category 1 |
Warning |
H317 |
P302+P352
P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501 |
In the Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2017), this substance is classified as occupational skin sensitizers Group 1, therefore, it was classified in Category 1. There is a description that in an epidemiological study on occupational exposure, it was a skin sensitizer (ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)), and a description that it was positive in a maximization test with guinea pigs (DFGOT Vol. 14 (2000)). |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. There is no in vivo data. As for in vitro, it was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation test (NTP DB (Access on August 2017)). |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | A significant increase in lung cancer risk (odds ratio: 9.71, 95% CI: 1.59-56.7) was seen among workers exposed to this substance and other heating components of coniferous woods for 5 years or more, but the authors pointed out that volatile components of coniferous woods contain mixtures or complex of derivatives of abietic acid, pimaric acid, and other resin acids from woods in addition to this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2003)). As in the above, there is no reliable report on single exposure to this substance. There is no standard carcinogenicity test data for experimental animals. However, there is a report that when undiluted solution of this substance was applied to mouse skin after initiation with DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene), a promotion effect of skin tumors was observed, but in 20-50% diluted solutions of this substance, a promoter action was not observed (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), and a report that promotion of tumor growth was shown in rabbits after a dermal application of this substance, but this was not shown in mice (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2003)). As for classification by other organizations, ACGIH classified it in A4 because carcinogenicity data in human and experimental animals were insufficient (ACGIH (7th, 2003)). From the above, it was classified as "Classification not possible." |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that as a result of inhalation exposure to the saturated vapor of this substance in pregnant rats (n=5) twice a day for 10 minutes/time on gestational day 17-21, marked symptoms (incoordination, ataxia, hyperpnea, salivation) were observed in maternal animals of the exposed group, and 22 (59%) out of 37 newborns died of central nervous system disorders and dyspnea (DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2003), PATTY (6th, 2012)). |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (central nervous system, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) |
 Danger Warning |
H370
H335 |
P308+P311
P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
As for humans, there is a report that headaches, dizziness, nausea and tachycardia were observed due to inhalation exposure to 750-1,000 ppm of this substance for several hours (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). In addition, kidney disorders with hematuria, proteinuria, and oliguria were reported as acute toxicity symptoms due to oral ingestion of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Furthermore, there is a report that irritation of the nose and throat was observed at or above 75 ppm in a study in which volunteers were exposed by inhalation to this substance for 3-5 minutes (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1991), ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that in a single inhalation exposure test with rats, ataxia, tremors, convulsions, tachypnea, decreased tidal volume, and death due to sudden apnea were observed (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)). There were no detailed descriptions of the doses at which these symptoms were observed, but it is considered that the effects were observed near the LC50 value, which was within the range for Category 1 and Category 2. Also, in a sensory irritation test with mice, a decrease in the respiratory rate due to the inhalation exposure to this substance was observed, and the RD50 value was reported as 1,173 ppm (6.5 mg/L) (ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)). From the above, it is considered that this substance affects the central nervous system and kidney, and is also irritating to the respiratory tract. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs, haemal system, urinary system) |
Danger |
H372 |
P260
P264 P270 P314 P501 |
As for humans, there is a report that six workers handling alpha-pinene, the main ingredient of this substance, at a shoe cream manufacturing factory, complained of dizziness, drunkenness, erythema and burning sensation in the face and neck, itching sensation in the anal region, defecation pain, and frequent urination accompanied by pain on urination, and methemoglobinemia, swelling of the spleen, renal disorders, urethrocystitis with bladder ulcer, anal eczema, and facial/cervical dermatitis were observed (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1991)). In addition, there is a report that in interviews and pulmonary function tests on workers who were exposed to turpentine oil at a Swedish sawmill at an average air concentration of 254 mg/m3 (45 ppm) and within the concentration range of 100-550 mg/m3 (18-98 ppm), the ratio of persons complaining of pharyngeal irritation symptoms, chest tightness and coughing was higher in the exposure group, and in the pulmonary function tests, many in the exposed persons showed numerical values deviating from the normal range (a decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second, etc.) (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1991)). Other than these, inflammation of the respiratory system and kidney damage were reported (ACGIH (7th, 2003)), and it is reported that chronic inhalation causes extensive glomerulonephritis (PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, haemal system, urinary system). Since the new information source was used, the classification result was different from the previous classification. |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Category 1 |
Danger |
H304 |
P301+P310
P331 P405 P501 |
Based on a description that chemical pneumonitis with pathognomonic dyspnea, acute pulmonary edema, and cyanosis occurred in humans when this substance was aspirated into the respiratory tract by accident (ACGIH (7th, 2003), DFGOT Vol. 17 (2002)), it was classified in Category 1. Besides, EU also classified it as "Asp. Tox. 1" (ECHA CL Inventory (Access on August 2017)). |
| Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
| 12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
NOTE:
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* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted. * Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement. Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file. * Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. * Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations. |