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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	98-88-4
Chemical Name	Benzoyl chloride
Substance ID	H30-B-015-MHLW, MOE
Classification year (FY)	FY2018
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Category 4	- Warning	H227	P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P280 P501	A flash point is 72 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (2000) (J)).
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 600 deg C (GESTIS (Accessed Aug. 2018)).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine and oxygen (but not fluorine) which are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule.
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), one case corresponds to Category 4, one case corresponds to Category 4-"Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification), and one case corresponds to "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification). Therefore, the category with the highest hazard was adopted, and it was classified in Category 4. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 values for rats: 1,140-2,618 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008)) (2) LD50 values for rats: 3,619 mg/kg (male), 1,900 mg/kg (female) (DFGOT vol.6 (1994))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 3	Danger	H311	P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), one case corresponds to Category 3, and one case corresponds to "Not classified." Therefore, the category with the higher hazard was adopted, and it was classified in Category 3. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 value for rabbits: 790 mg/kg (MAK/BAT (2004), ACGIH (7th, 2001), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008)) (2) LD50 value for rabbits: >2,000 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Liquid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 2	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), it was classified in Category 2. Besides, since the LC50 values were lower than 90% of the saturated vapor concentration, which is 526 ppm, the reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapor without a mist. In addition, as for (2), it cannot be used for classification because the category cannot be identified. [Evidence Data] (1) LC50 (4 hours) for rats: 247 ppm (1.450 mg/L) (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008)) [Reference Data, etc.] (2) LC50 (4 hours) for rats: >377 ppm (1.980 mg/L) (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was judged that this substance is corrosive to the skin, and it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) It is described that this substance is corrosive to humans in multiple articles in literature (NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Aug. 2018), Vincoli (1996), Bruze et al. (2000)). (2) In a skin irritation test (n=6) with rabbits, after a 4-hour application followed by 72-hour observation, an irritation score of 3.8 is reported (REACH registration dossier (Accessed Aug. 2018)). (3) There is also a report that this substance is very strongly irritating to rabbit skins (Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) This substance was classified as "Skin Corr. 1B" in the EU CLP.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) The vapor of this substance is a powerful lacrimator and is known to be irritating to the eyes and mucosa, and it is reported that humans cannot tolerate a one minute-exposure of 2 ppm (Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (2) There is a report that strong eye irritation and corneal corrosivity were observed in an eye irritation test with rabbits (NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Aug. 2018)). (3) There is a report that this substance is corrosive in an eye irritation test with rabbits (HSDB (Accessed Aug. 2018)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) There is a report that this substance reacts rapidly with water (hydrolysis) and generates benzoic acid and a corrosive gas (hydrogen chloride) (HSDB (Accessed Aug. 2018)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) There is a report that in a Maximization test (OECD TG 406, n=10 (control group)/20 (administration group), GLP test) with guinea pigs, in which this substance was applied, 90% of the animals showed skin sensitization reactions (NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Aug. 2018), REACH registration dossier (Accessed Aug. 2018)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) This substance was classified as "Skin Sens. 1" in the EU CLP.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified as "Classification not possible" in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, there is a negative report in a micronucleus test with mouse bone marrow (MAK/BAT (2004), NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Jul. 2018)). (2) As for in vitro, it was negative (positive in some cases) in bacterial reverse mutation tests (NICNAS_IMAP (Accessed Jul. 2018), MAK/BAT (2004), ACGIH (2001), IARC (1999)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2	Warning	H351	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(4), it was classified in Category 2 because there is limited evidence in human and animal experiments, and by adopting the classification by the Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH). [Evidence Data] (1) As for findings on humans, there is a case report of lung cancer at a benzoyl chloride manufacturing plant in Japan, and reports suggesting an increase in lung cancer in an epidemiological study on workers engaged in chlorinated toluene manufacturing processes in the United Kingdom and the United States. However, since these are by a combined exposure to benzoyl chloride and various chlorinated toluenes, and it cannot be confirmed whether its carcinogenicity is caused by benzoyl chloride, they are considered to be limited evidence (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2016)). (2) As for experimental animals, in a study in which female mice were dermally exposed to 5, 10 microL (538, 1,077 mg), 3 times/week for 4 weeks followed by 2 times/week for 37 weeks and to 2.3 microL (285 mg), 2 times/week for 50 weeks, skin cancer in 1/10 animal and skin papilloma in 1/10 animal in the group of 5 microL, lung adenoma in 3/10 animals in the group of 10 microL, squamous cell carcinomas in 2/20 animals and lung adenoma in 5/20 animals in the group of 2.3 microL were observed (NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Jul. 2018), Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2016), MAK/BAT (2004), ACGIH (2001)). (3) As for the inhalation route, in a test in which mice were exposed to the vapor of this substance for 30 minutes/day, twice/week for 5 months followed by observation for 7-9 months, pulmonary tumors were observed in 3/30 animals (adenomas in all) in the control group and in 3/28 animals (adenoma in one animal, adenocarcinoma in two animals) in the treated group, and skin papilloma was observed in 0/30 animal in the control group and in 2/28 animals in the treated group, but there was no significant difference (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2016), MAK/BAT (2004), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2008), ACGIH (2001), IARC (1999)). (4) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, it was classified in 2B by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (2016) and A4 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). IARC (IARC 71 (1999)) classified in 2A as a mixture of alpha chlorinated toluenes.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 2 (respiratory organs)	Warning	H371	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 2 (respiratory organs). [Evidence Data] (1) There is a description that this substance is irritating to the mucosa (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (2) There is a report that in humans, there is a possibility of hyposmia in addition to respiratory tract irritation seen in a single exposure (HSDB (Accessed Aug. 2018)). (3) There is a report that in a 4-hour single inhalation exposure test with rats, dark reddening of the lung with emphysema was observed in dead animals, and emphysema, mottled patterns of the lung, etc. were observed in surviving animals at or above 1.453 mg/L (converted guidance value: 2.54 mg/L, within the range of Category 2). (HSDB (Accessed Aug. 2018)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] According to (1), it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs). [Evidence Data] (1) There is a report that in humans, a variety of symptoms such as chronic pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis and hyposmia were observed in 20 workers engaged in the manufacturing of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Accessed Aug. 2018)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) There is a report that significant irritation change in the respiratory tract was observed in a test in which a 50% solution of this substance was intermittently applied to the skin of mice for 9.8 months (ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Accessed Aug. 2018)).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 96-hour LC50 = 0.12 mg/L for crustacea (Palaemonetes pugio) (ECETOC TR91: 2003).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	Chronic toxicity data were not obtained. It was classified in Category 1 because it is not rapidly degradable and was classified in Category 1 in acute toxicity.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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