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GHS Classification Result

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7601-90-3
Chemical Name	Perchloric acid
Substance ID	H30-B-029-MHLW, MOE
Classification year (FY)	FY2018
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2007
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not classified (when its concentration is 72 mass% or less)	- -	-	-	There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (perchlorates) present in the molecule. However, because one with more than 50% but not more than 72% concentration by mass is classified in Division 5.1, Subsidiary Risk 8, PG I (UN1873) in UNRTDG, it does not correspond to hazards of the highest precedence, explosives (one with not more than 50% concentration by mass is classified in Class 8, Subsidiary Risk 5.1, PG II (UN1802) in UNRTDG).
2	Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
3	Aerosols	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.
4	Oxidizing gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
5	Gases under pressure	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (when its concentration is 72 mass%)	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (concentration of 72 mass%) (ICSC (2000)).
7	Flammable solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It was classified as oxidizing substances. Besides, one with more than 50% but not more than 72% concentration by mass is classified in Category 1 because it is classified in Division 5.1, Subsidiary Risk 8, PG I (UN1873) in UNRTDG. One with not more than 50% concentration by mass is classified in Category 2 because it is classified in Class 8, Subsidiary Risk 5.1, PG II (UN1802) in UNRTDG.
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (when its concentration is 72 mass%)	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (concentration of 72 mass%) (ICSC (2000)).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified (when its concentration is 72 mass%)	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (concentration of 72 mass%) (ICSC (2000)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not applicable	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Category 1 (when its concentration is more than 50 mass% but not more than 72 mass%)	Danger	H271	P371+P380+P375 P306+P360 P370+P378 P210 P220 P221 P280 P283 P501	One with more than 50% but not more than 72% concentration by mass was classified in Category 1 because it is classified in Division 5.1, Subsidiary Risk 8, PG I (UN1873) in UNRTDG (one with not more than 50% concentration by mass is classified in Category 2 because it is classified in Class 8, Subsidiary Risk 5.1, PG II (UN1802) in UNRTDG).
14	Oxidizing solids	Not applicable	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)
15	Organic peroxides	Not applicable	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.
16	Corrosive to metals	Category 1	Warning	H290	P234 P390 P406	Due to information in Dangerous Goods Data Book (Tokyo Fire Department, 1993) that iron, copper, and zinc react vigorously with this substance and produce oxides, and information in Hommel (1991) that the substance attacks vigorously many metals, it was classified in Category 1.

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Data of (1) corresponds to Category 3 - Category 4. In addition, data of (2) corresponds to Category 4. Therefore, due to adopting a category with the larger number of cases, it was classified in Category 4. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats (OECD TG423, GLP): between 200 and 2,000 mg/kg (no dead animals at 200 mg/kg, and all deaths at 2,000 mg/kg) (REACH registration dossier (Accessed Oct. 2018)) (2) LD50 for rats: 1,100 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not applicable	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Liquid (GHS definition)
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) There is a report that this substance is corrosive and causes redness, pain, and severe skin burns on contact with the skin (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011), NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Oct. 2018)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) As for the classification by other organizations, although the EU classifies it as Skin Corr. 1A, the evidence is unknown.
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	[Rationale for the Classification] Base on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) It is reported that this substance is corrosive, and when it enters the eyes, it causes redness, pain, permanent vision loss, and severe burns (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011), NICNAS IMAP (Accessed Oct. 2018)). (2) This substance is classified in Category 1 for skin corrosion/irritation.
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified as "Classification not possible" in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, all the results of micronucleus tests in which the ammonium salt of this substance was orally dosed to rats or mice, and intraperitoneally dosed to mice, were negative (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (2) As for in vitro, negative results were obtained for bacterial reverse mutation tests and genetic mutation tests using mouse lymphoma cells (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2	Warning	H351	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] As for carcinogenicity, no reports are available for humans. As for the test reports of (1) -(3), all the animal studies on the carcinogenicity of this substance give limited findings due to only the one dose, a small number of animals, or a limited histopathological evaluation, etc. However, overall, it is considered that there is sufficient evidence that long-term administration of this substance causes an increased incidence of thyroid tumors. Based on a comprehensive judgement considering the situation in (4), it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) As a result of administering the potassium salt of this substance by drinking water to male rats at a concentration of 10,000 ppm for 2 years, adenomas of the thyroid gland were found in 4 of 11 animals in the treated group, whereas the incidence of tumors in the control group was 0 of 20 animals (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (2) In a study in which the sodium salt of this substance was administered by drinking water to female mice at a concentration of 12,000 ppm for 46 weeks, half the animals in the treated group died and 5 of 6 survivors had thyroid follicular cell carcinoma, however, no tumors were seen in the control group (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (3) When comparing the group of male rats which were dosed with the potassium salt of this substance by drinking water at 1,000 ppm for 19 weeks with the group which were dosed with the potassium salt of this substance by drinking water after the pretreatment with bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN) as an initiator, the former did not show tumors in the thyroid, but the latter had 100% (20 of 20 cases) incidence of thyroid adenomas and carcinomas (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (4) There are no classification results by domestic and international organizations. [Reference Data, etc.] (5) In humans, there are no reports showing a clear association between occupational exposure or exposure by drinking water to this substance and cancer mortality or cancer incidence (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 2	Warning	H361	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on the result of (1) - (3), at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day, thyroid effects were evident in parental animals and pups, but effects on reproductive and sexual functions of the parental animals and on development of the fetuses and postnatal development of the offspring were not observed. On the other hand, in the fetuses and offspring, from low-dose administration to the mothers, it was shown that this substance or chlorine had adverse effects on the thyroid gland for the next-generation, and effects on the next-generation were observed at the general toxic dose of the parental animals. Therefore, it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) In a study in which male and female rats were administered the ammonium salt of this substance by drinking water from 10 weeks before mating and throughout mating/pregnancy and lactation periods, an increase in the thyroid weight, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid tissue were observed in F1 from 0.3 mg/kg/day, and changes in serum thyroid-related hormones (TSH, T3, T4) were seen at the high dose (30 mg/kg/day). However, there were no effects on the indicators for the fertility of the parent animals (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (2) In a study in which maternal rats were administered the ammonium salt of this substance by drinking water from 2 weeks before mating, then mated with untreated males, and administration was continued until the day 21 of gestation, decreases in serum TSH and T4 at 0.01 mg/kg/day or above, and weight increase and tissue changes in the thyroids (decreased colloid, hypertrophy, hyperplasia), and a decrease in serum T3 at 30 mg/kg/day were observed in dams, and thyroid-related findings (a decrease in serum T3, an increase in TSH, decreased colloid) at 0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day, and a decrease in fetal number and the delayed ossification at 30 mg/kg/day were observed in fetuses (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (3) In a study in which maternal rats were administered the ammonium salt of this substance by drinking water from 2 weeks before mating, mated with untreated males, and after gestation and deliveries, a part of them were continued to be administered until sacrifice on the 21st day of gestation, and the rest were kept dosing until the 10th day of lactation, neither reproductive effects in dams, neither developmental effects in fetuses, nor adverse effects on postnatal development in offspring were seen, but similarly to the above study, thyroid effects (weight increase, tissue changes, related hormone changes) were observed in dams, fetuses, and offspring (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) Maternal rats were administered the ammonium salt of this substance by drinking water until the 10th day of lactation, and the effects on spontaneous locomotor activity during the lactation period and effects on the brain and general behavioral developments were examined for the offspring, but no clear neurobehavioral effects were detected in the offspring at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day to maternal rats (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 3 (Respiratory tract irritation)	Warning	H335	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on the data of (1), it was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). [Evidence Data] (1) The vapor of this substance is highly corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract, and inhalation of vapor or mist may cause pulmonary edema (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) In experimental animals, the LD50 for single oral administration to mice is 400 mg/kg/day, and there is a report that symptoms were strong restlessness, difficulties in breathing, cyanosis, and convulsions (GESTIS (Accessed Oct. 2018)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (thyroid)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Since thyroid effects by repeated exposure were observed in humans as a limited finding in (1) and clearly found in the dose range of Category 1 from the test result of (2) in experimental animals, it was classified in Category 1 (thyroid). [Evidence Data] (1) As for studies in volunteers, there is a report that a decrease in the iodine intake rate in the thyroid was observed after administration of the ammonium salt or potassium salt of this substance. On the other hand, there is a report that when the potassium salt was orally administered at a maximum of 3 mg/day for 6 months, there were no effects on the thyroid function or iodine intake rate in the thyroid (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (2) In experimental animals, when rats were administered the ammonium salt of this substance by drinking water at a dose of 0.01-10 mg/kg/day for 90 days, dose-related decreases in serum T3 and T4 (males and females) at 0.01 mg/kg/day or above, and an increase in serum TSH (male) at 0.1 mg/kg/day or above, were observed, but as adverse effects on the thyroid, increases in absolute and relative weight (males and females), and follicular cell hyperplasia accompanied by the formation of small follicles and decreased colloids (males and females: 7/10 to 9/10) were observed at 10 mg/kg/day, which is within the range of Category 1 (converted value equivalent to this substance: 8.6 mg/kg/day) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) There are three reports of tests by administering the potassium salt of this substance by drinking water at concentrations between 1,000-20,000 ppm for 6 weeks to 12 months and a report of a test with mice by administering the sodium salt of this substance by drinking water, and all of them were reports of tests in which effects on the thyroid were detected (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)). (4) In the state of California, the concentration of this substance in drinking water was examined with incidences in neonatal congenital hypothyroidism and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, but no difference was seen with the control group that matched the birth status appropriately (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute)	Not classified	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from 48-hour LC50 = 495 mg/L [converted value 490 mg ClO4-/L] for crustacea (Daphnia magna), and 96-hour LC50 = 1131 mg/L [converted value 1120 mg ClO4-/L] for fish (Danio rerio) (both Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" from 7-day NOEC (reproduction inhibition) = 10.1 mg/L [converted value 10 mg ClO4-/L] for crustacea (Ceriodaphnia dubia), and 35-day NOEC (growth/survival) >= 495 mg/L [converted value >= 490 mg ClO4-/L] for fish (Pimephales promelas) (both Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 9 (Ministry of the Environment, 2011)) despite unknown environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound. Acute toxicity data were not obtained for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data (for algae) are not obtained. From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.

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