NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7790-80-9
Chemical Name	Cadmium(II) iodide
Substance ID	R01-A-010
Classification year (FY)	FY2019
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	New
Classification result in other fiscal year
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
2	Flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
3	Aerosols	*	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
4	Oxidizing gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
5	Gases under pressure	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
6	Flammable liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
7	Flammable solids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (Hommel (1991)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive or self-reactive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
9	Pyrophoric liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
10	Pyrophoric solids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (Hommel (1991)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (Hommel (1991)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	It is a metal compound, but from the observation result that 86.2 g was mixed with 100 mL of water (25 deg C) (Hommel (1991)), it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water. Therefore, it was classified as "Not classified."
13	Oxidizing liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
14	Oxidizing solids	*	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing halogen (I), but the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	*	- -	-	-	Inorganic compound. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
16	Corrosive to metals	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.
17	Desensitized explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 3. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats: 222 mg/kg (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)) (2) LD50 for mice: 139-193 mg/kg (EHC 134 (1992))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Although data on (1)-(3) were reported, existing data are not sufficient for classification, and it was classified as "Classification not possible." [Reference Data, etc.] (1) Patch tests on patients with dermatitis and eczema yielded evidence of skin irritation after application of 2% cadmium chloride (CAS RN: 10108-64-2) solutions (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)). (2) Skin irritation may be caused by some cadmium compounds (IPCS, PIM089 (1992), Sittig (1985), Lenga (1988)). (3) In a patch test in which the effect of 2% cadmium chloride was investigated in 1502 patients for 22 months, positive skin reactions were frequently observed in 25 persons. However, because previous exposure to cadmium could not be determined in any of the positive patients, the reactions are to be interpreted as not relevant (DFGOT vol.22 (2006), Wahlberg 1977).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	[Rationale for the Classification] Although data on (1) was reported, existing data are not sufficient for classification, and it was classified as "Classification not possible." [Reference Data, etc.] (1) Exposure to some cadmium compounds as well as their dusts and fumes produces severe corrosive damage to the eyes (IPCS, PIM 089 (1992)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Although data for cadmium and other cadmium compounds are reported in (1)-(5), clear judgment is difficult, and it was classified as "Classification not possible." [Reference Data, etc.] (1) In 2 guinea pig skin sensitization tests (maximization test method) with cadmium chloride (CAS 10108-64-2), skin reactions were observed in both the experimental group and the control group, and it was determined to be negative for sensitization (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)). (2) Results of patch tests with cadmium sulfate (CAS 10124-36-4) and cadmium chloride have been reported in metal workers, dental workers and people with skin diseases, etc., there are some reports of positive cases and some reports denying the relationship with the reaction (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)). (3) An allergic reaction is considered to be a result of the use of cadmium sulfide in tattooing pigments, however, no details of the allergological tests are given (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)). (4) A case of edema after UV irradiation on a cadmium-containing tattooing dye was considered more likely due to the photoconductivity of cadmium rather than an immunological reaction (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)). (5) In a lymphocyte transformation test, 18% of 250 patients showed positive results with cadmium (DFGOT vol.22 (2006)).
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Although there are no data on this substance, as a water-soluble cadmium compound, it was classified in Category 1B based on (1) and (2). [Evidence Data] (1) There are no in vivo/in vitro data on this substance itself. (2) In the FY2018 GHS classification, water-soluble cadmium such as cadmium chloride (CAS RN 10108-64-2) was classified in Category 1B. [Reference Data, etc.] (3) The water solubility of this substance is 1,850 g/L (20 deg C) (GESTIS (Access on June 2019)). (4) Water-soluble cadmium compounds such as cadmium chloride are classified in Muta. 1B in the EU CLP classification (ECHA C&L Inventory (Access on June 2019)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] There are no carcinogenicity data on this substance. Based on (1), this substance was also classified in Category 1A as a cadmium compound. [Evidence Data] (1) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, cadmium and its compounds were classified in Group 1 by IARC (IARC 100C (2012)), as K by NTP (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)), in Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2016)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) Based on the fact that cadmium and cadmium compounds induce lung tumours in humans and positive associations between exposure to cadmium and cadmium compounds and cancer of the kidney and of prostate, there is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of cadmium and cadmium compounds in humans (IARC (2012)). (3) From the results of carcinogenicity studies in experimental animals, mainly on cadmium chloride, there is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of cadmium compounds in experimental animals (IARC (2012)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1A	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Although there are no data on this substance, based on (1), it was classified in Category 1A. [Evidence Data] (1) The Japan Society for Occupational Health classified cadmium and cadmium compounds in Group 1 for reproductive toxicants based on epidemiological studies and findings in experimental animals (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2013)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) As for humans, there are several epidemiological studies on developmental effects due to cadmium poisoning in pregnant women reporting that in a population of pregnant women in the Jinzu River basin, a group of pregnant women with a high urinary cadmium concentration showed a significantly shorter gestation period and a significantly higher birth rate of low body weight babies compared to a group of pregnant women with a low urinary cadmium concentration, that there was a significant negative correlation between urinary cadmium concentration and birth weight of female babies in pregnant women in Bangladesh, that in a mother-child cohort study, the maternal blood cadmium concentration was inversely correlated with the head circumference of offspring, that the increase in the umbilical cord blood concentration significantly decreased the height, weight and head circumference of 3-year-old children, and that there was a significant negative correlation between the urinary cadmium concentration and the body weight of offspring in a study in pregnant women in Tokyo (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2013)). (3) As for experimental animals, a number of developmental effects are reported as follows. Oral administration of cadmium compounds, mainly cadmium chloride, to pregnant animals, also resulted in developmental effects such as decreased fetal weight, skeletal variations/malformation, increased resorption of embryo/fetuses, neurodevelopmental alterations (decreased motor activity, delays in the development of sensory motor coordination reflexes, etc.), and decreased kidney function (ATSDR (2012)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, heart, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(4), it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, heart, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract). [Evidence Data] (1) As a means of suicide, intentional ingestion both of 81.5 mg/kg (25 mg Cd/kg) of this substance or 1,840 mg Cd/kg of cadmium chloride (CAS RN 10108-64-2) by one person in each case caused gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fluid loss, edema, extended destruction of organs and led to death after 7 days and after about 30 hours, respectively. Necropsies yielded damage to the cardiac muscle, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract, pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of the gastrointestinal tract (DFGOT vol. 22 (2006), ATSDR (2012)). (2) Of the two human cases described above, it is described that rhythmic disturbances, including ventricular fibrillation, and anuria were observed in an individual who ingested this substance (ATSDR (2012)). (3) Inhalation exposure of one person to the fume of cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9) resulted in severe gastroenteritis, hypotension, varying heart rhythms and anuria, and died 72 hours later. Postmortem necropsy revealed congestion of the lungs and gastric mucosa, hyperemia throughout the large and small intestines, infiltration of the myocardium with inflammatory cells, centrilobular necrosis of the liver, and cellular necrosis in the loops of Henle in the kidney (IPCS, PIM089 (1992)). (4) The principal symptoms in acute toxicity of cadmium compounds in humans, in general, are reported to be pneumonitis and edema for inhalation exposure, and rapid onset with severe nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain for oral intake (EHC 134 (1992)). [Reference Data, etc.] (5) Pneumonia and pulmonary edema in a single inhalation exposure test with rats on cadmium chloride and effects on the liver (hepatocyte necrosis), kidney (decrease in urine flow), and gastrointestinal tract (intestinal necrosis, hemorrhage and ulcers) in other single inhalation exposure tests with rats were observed (ATSDR (2012)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, kidney, bone)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] There are no data for repeated exposure to this substance. Since this substance is a water-soluble cadmium compound and it is shown that it is taken into the body by oral intake from the case of a single oral intake for suicide purpose in (1), it was judged reasonable to classify it based on the toxic effects caused by cadmium taken into the body shown in (2) and (3). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, kidney, bone). [Evidence Data] (1) It is reported that in the case of a man who ingested this substance and died on the 7th day, the initial urine cadmium concentration was 15,600 microg/L and this declined to 100 microg/L on the 7th day. It is reported that the cadmium concentration with blood, sampled 3 days after ingestion, was 1.1 microg/L, cadmium concentrations measured at necropsy were 0.5 microg/L for the brain, 80 microg/L for the liver, 80 microg/L (cortex) and 8.9 microg/L (medulla) for the kidney (IPCS, PIM089 (1992)). (2) It is described that cadmium is toxic to a wide range of organs and tissues, however, the primary target organs are the kidneys, and that bone and lung (following inhalation exposure) are also sensitive targets (ATSDR (2012)). (3) It is reported that long-term occupational exposure caused severe chronic effects, predominantly in the lungs and kidneys, that chronic renal effects have been also seen among other effects, there are disturbances in calcium metabolism, hypercalciuria and formation of renal sones, and that high exposure to cadmium, most probably in combination with other factors such as nutritional deficiencies, may lead to osteoporosis and/or osteomalacia (EHC 134 (1992)).
10	Aspiration hazard	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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