NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	14977-61-8
Chemical Name	Chromic oxychloride; Chromyl dichloride
Substance ID	R01-A-019
Classification year (FY)	FY2019
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	New
Classification result in other fiscal year
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
2	Flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
3	Aerosols	*	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
4	Oxidizing gases	*	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
5	Gases under pressure	*	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
6	Flammable liquids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (ICSC (2003)).
7	Flammable solids	*	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive or self-reactive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
9	Pyrophoric liquids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (ICSC (2003)).
10	Pyrophoric solids	*	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	It reacts vigorously with water (ICSC (2003)), but because generated substances are hydrogen chloride, chlorine, chromium trichloride, and chromium trioxide, which are not combustible, it was classified as "Not classified." However, the reaction is severe, and produced gas is toxic.
13	Oxidizing liquids	*	- -	-	-	The substance is an inorganic compound containing oxygen and halogen (Cl), and there is information that it is a strong oxidant (ICSC (J) (2003)), but the classification is not possible due to no data.
14	Oxidizing solids	*	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
15	Organic peroxides	*	- -	-	-	Inorganic compound. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
16	Corrosive to metals	*	- -	-	-	No data available.
17	Desensitized explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) Contact of this substance with the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes may cause severe irritation, burns and lung edema (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (2) It is irritating or corrosive to the mucous membranes or skin, and it has a risk of severe eye damage (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). (3) Ulcers of the skin and irritative dermatitis were reported in workers exposed to chromium-containing materials (IARC 49 (1990)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) It was classified as "Skin Corr. 1A (H314)" in the EU-CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on July 2019)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(4), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) Contact of this substance with the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes may cause severe irritation, burns and lung edema (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (2) The effects of occupational exposure of humans to airborne hexavalent chromium compounds include irritation to the respiratory tract and eyes. Moreover, exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds may also induce asthma (Risk Assessment Report (Beverages) on hexavalent chromium (Food Safety Commission of Japan, 2018)). (3) It is irritating or corrosive to the mucous membranes and skin, and it has a risk of severe eye damage (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). (4) It is classified as Skin corrosion (Category 1).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1A	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1A. [Evidence Data] (1) The effects of occupational exposure of humans to airborne hexavalent chromium compounds include irritation to the respiratory tract and eyes. Moreover, exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds may also induce asthma (Risk Assessment Report (Beverages) on hexavalent chromium (Food Safety Commission of Japan, 2018)). (2) Chromium compounds are known as sensitizers to the skin and respiratory organs. Also, when sensitization is established, a challenge occurs in that both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds can induce an allergic response (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (3) Chromium released from chromium compounds was designated as occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2 (OEL Documentations (Sensitizers classification) (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2010)).
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1A	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1A. [Evidence Data] (1) Chromium released from chromium compounds is associated with the induction of allergic dermatitis (IARC 49 (1990)). (2) Chromium compounds are known as sensitizers to the skin and the respiratory organs. Also, when sensitization is established, a challenge occurs in that both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds can induce an allergic response (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (3) Chromium released from chromium compounds was designated as occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 (OEL Documentations (Sensitizers classification) (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2010)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) It was classified as "Skin Sens. 1 (H317)" in the EU-CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on July 2019)).
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), though there are no in vivo data on this substance, it was classified in Category 1B from positive results from in vitro tests and results on hexavalent chromium compounds. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, there are no test data on this substance. As for hexavalent chromium compounds, positive results were obtained in a gene mutation test, a chromosomal aberration test, a micronucleus test and a DNA damage test with mice and rats dosed intraperitoneally, a DNA damage test with mice administered by gavage was positive, and a micronucleus test with mice dosed by drinking water was mostly negative (Risk Assessment Report (Beverages) (Food Safety Commission of Japan, 2018)). (2) As for in vitro, a positive result in a bacterial reverse mutation test was reported (IARC 49 (1990), HSDB (Access on July 2019)). As for hexavalent chromium compounds, though bacterial reverse mutation tests were both positive and negative, positive results were obtained in a chromosomal aberration test, an unscheduled DNA synthesis test and a transformation test with cultured mammalian cells (Risk Assessment Report (Beverages) (Food Safety Commission of Japan, 2018)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, it was classified in Muta.1B in the EU CLP (EU CLP classification (Access on June 2019)). (4) It was reported that there are sufficient indications to conclude that the exposure of humans to this substance can lead to hereditary disorders (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). (5) It was reported that hexavalent chromium compounds caused gene mutation with bacterium and chromosomal aberrations with mammalian cells, and that they were associated with an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of workers engaged in the production of chromates (HSDB (Access on July 2019)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on classification results by other organizations in (1), it was classified in Category 1A in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. [Evidence Data] (1) As for the classification results by domestic and international organizations, it was classified in Group 1 by IARC (IARC 100C (2012)), in A1 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2018)), in Carc.1B by EU (EU CLP classification (Access on July 2019)) as hexavalent chromium compounds.
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 2	Warning	H361	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] There is no information on this substance. However, based on (1), it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) The Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium and chromium compounds in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (corresponding to Category 2) (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, blood system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] There is no report of single exposure to this substance in humans and experimental animals. However, based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, blood system, liver, kidney). As for the gastrointestinal tract, it was not adopted as a target organ since the effect was considered to be that of local irritation. [Evidence Data] (1) This substance easily hydrolyses to chromic acid (CAS RN 7738-94-5) and hydrochloric acid (CAS RN 7647-01-0) on contact with water. At inhalation of the vapours, it may completely hydrolyse to chromic acid and hydrochloric acid in the respiratory tract, additionally it may also generate chlorine (CAS RN 7782-50-5) and chromium trichloride (CAS RN 10025-73-7, trivalent chromium compound) (GESTIS (Access on July 2019), ACGIH (7th, 2018)). Chromic acid, hydrochloric acid and chlorine were all reported to affect the respiratory organs in humans or experimental animals. (2) There is a description that contact of this substance with the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes will result in severe irritation and burns, and lung edema may occur with high exposures (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). Additionally, there is a description that after inhalation of this substance, severe irritation and corrosion of the respiratory tract must be expected and the hazard of laryngeal and lung edemas was considered (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). (3) There is a description that effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, central nervous system, blood system, liver and heart, similar to those of chromic acid, may occur in the case of accidental oral intake of this substance (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) Chromic acid (H2CrO4) is an aqueous solution of chromic anhydride (CrO3, chromium trioxide, CAS RN 1333-82-0). Chromic anhydride was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, blood system, liver, kidney) in FY 2014 GHS classification.
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), though this substance is highly reactive, and it is not clear whether its toxicity is similar to that of other hexavalent chromium compounds, it is considered that at least the effects of chromic acid, etc. generated by hydrolysis will occur. Based on information on chromic acid in (3) and (4), since it was considered that inhalation exposure in humans causes effects on the respiratory organs, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs). [Evidence Data] (1) This substance easily hydrolyses to chromic acid and hydrochloric acid on contact with water. On inhalation of vapour, it may completely hydrolyse to chromic acid (CAS RN 7738-94-5) and hydrochloric acid (CAS RN 7647-01-0) in the respiratory tract, additionally it may also generate chlorine (CAS RN 7782-50-5) and chromium trichloride (CAS RN 10025-73-7, trivalent chromium compound) (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). (2) Since the acid chloride is highly reactive and the extent of the formation of chromium (III) compounds cannot be estimated, metabolization, similar to that of less reactive hexavalent chromium compounds, may not occur (GESTIS (Access on July 2019)). (3) As for chromic acid, there is the information that nasal mucosal ulceration, septal perforation, etc. were observed in a study examining symptoms in respiratory organs, pulmonary function and the nasal mucosa in 43 workers exposed to chromic acid in a chrome plating plant (CICAD 78 (2013)). (4) As for chromic acid, there is a report that when rats were exposed by inhalation to chromic anhydride mist for 8 months, corrosive effects in the respiratory tract were observed at or above 3.5 mg/m3 (EU-RAR (2005)). Moreover, there is a report that when mice were intermittently exposed to chromic anhydride at a concentration of about 3.9 mg/m3 over a 12-month period, emphysema and nasal septum perforation were developed (CICAD 78 (2013)). Thus, findings supporting disorders of the respiratory organs in humans were obtained. [Reference Data, etc.] (5) Chromic anhydride (CAS RN 1333-82-0) was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) in FY 2014 GHS classification.
10	Aspiration hazard	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

To GHS Information