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GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	106-51-4
Chemical Name	p-benzoquinone; p-Quinone
Substance ID	R01-B-016
Classification year (FY)	FY2019
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
2	Flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
3	Aerosols	*	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
4	Oxidizing gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
5	Gases under pressure	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
6	Flammable liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
7	Flammable solids	*	- -	-	-	No data available. Besides, there is information that it is combustible (Hommel (1991)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive or self-reactive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
9	Pyrophoric liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
10	Pyrophoric solids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" because it is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 560 deg C (ICSC (1997)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
13	Oxidizing liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
14	Oxidizing solids	*	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
15	Organic peroxides	*	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
16	Corrosive to metals	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.
17	Desensitized explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 3. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats: 130 mg/kg (IARC 15 (1977), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on June 2019)) (2) LD50 for rats: 165 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)) [Reference Data, etc.] (3) LD50 for rats: 25-50 mg/kg (HSDB (Access on June 2019)) (4) LD50 for rats: 100 mg/kg (HSDB (Access on June 2019))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) Local cutaneous discoloration, severe irritation, erythema, swelling, and the formation of papules and vesicles were caused by exposure to this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Access on June 2019)). (2) Contact with this substance (solid) produces severe irritation (HSDB (Access on June 2019)). (3) In an in vitro skin corrosion test with the artificial skin model (EpiDerm) in accordance with OECD TG 431, the survival rates after 3 and 60 minute-exposure were 37% and 76.3%, respectively (REACH registration dossier (Access on July 2019)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) It was classified in "Skin Irrit. 2 (H315)" in the EU-CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on July 2019)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) Exposure to vapours induces serious vision disturbances, and injury extends through the entire conjunctiva and cornea (IARC 71 (1999)). (2) This substance (solid) and relatively concentrated solutions were very irritating to the eyes (PATTY (6th, 2012)). (3) The vapors of benzoquinone at 0.5 ppm were irritating to the eyes, and at 3.0 ppm were very irritating (HSDB (Access on June 2019)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) It was classified in "Eye Irrit. 2 (H319)" in the EU-CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on July 2019)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1A	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, the category was changed because new data were obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) The positive rate was 100% in a skin sensitization test (maximization method, intradermal concentration 0.005%) with guinea pigs (Basketter et al. (1992), PATTY (6th, 2012)). (2) In a mouse local lymph node assay, it was positive, and SI values were 36.4 (0.5%), 42.3 (1%), and 52.3 (2.5%) (Basketter et al. (1992), PATTY (6th, 2012)). (3) In an in vitro skin sensitization test (In Chemico Skin Sensitization: Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA)) according to OECD TG 442C, the mean peptide depletion rate (>42.47) associated with high reactivity was obtained (REACH registration dossier (Access on July 2019)).
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 2	Warning	H341	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on positive results in the in vivo micronucleus tests and the in vitro positive results in the gene mutation test and micronucleus test with cultured mammalian cells in (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, there were reports that it was negative in a dominant lethal test with mice by intraperitoneal administration and weakly positive in micronucleus tests with mouse bone marrow cells and fetal liver cells by oral administration (IARC 71 (1999), PATTY (6th, 2012)). (2) As for in vitro, there were reports of negative and positive results in bacterial reverse mutation tests and positive results in a mutation test (hprt locus) and micronucleus tests with cultured mammalian cells (IARC 71 (1999), NTP DB (Access on June 2019)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) It was concluded in PATTY (6th, 2012) that the results of in vivo studies indicate that it is weakly positive for genotoxicity in vivo. (4) In addition to the results of the mouse micronucleus test by oral administration shown in (1), it was reported that a micronucleus test with mice by intraperitoneal administration was negative (IARC 71 (1999)).
6	Carcinogenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on the classification results by other organizations in (1), it was classified as "Classification not possible" in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. [Evidence Data] (1) As for classification results by domestic and domestic and international organizations, it was classified in Group 3 by IARC (IARC 71 (1999)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) This substance was tested for carcinogenicity with mice by skin application (1940) and inhalation (1954) and with rats by subcutaneous injection (1957). However, all of these were insufficient to evaluate the carcinogenicity of this substance (IARC 71 (1999)). (3) There were reports that this substance did not increase the formation of GGT-positive foci in the liver and that there was no promoter activity in initiator-treated mouse tissues (PATTY (6th, 2012)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)	Danger Warning	H370 H335	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). The category was changed from the previous classification by the use of the new information sources. [Evidence Data] (1) As for experimental animals, although there was no description of the doses, it was reported that administration of large doses of this substance induced local irritation, clonic convulsions, respiratory difficulties, and drop in blood pressure, and death due to paralysis of the medullary centers (IARC 15 (1977)). (2) It was reported that tremors and convulsions were observed at doses of 50-200 mg/kg, which are equivalent to Category 1, in a single oral administration test with rats (HSDB (Access on June (2019))). (3) It was described that the vapour of this substance was very irritating and caused coughing and sneezing (PATTY (6th, 2012)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) There was a report that it was confirmed that no systemic effects arose at a level of 0.1 ppm of the vapor of this substance in workers in plants where this substance and hydroquinone were produced (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (2) When rats were exposed by inhalation to concentrations of 2.7-3.6 mg/m3 (estimated to be vapor) (converted guidance value: 0.0018-0.0024 mg/L, within the range of Category 1) for 4 hours/day for 4 months, weight loss, easy tiredness, transient anemia, and thrombopenia were observed (PATTY (6th, 2012)).
10	Aspiration hazard	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 96-hour LC50 = 0.045 mg/L for fish (Pimephales promelas) (ECETOC TR91, 2003).
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Due to unknown rapid degradability, it was assumed to be not rapidly degradable. And because it was classified in Category 1 in acute toxicity, it was classified in Category 1.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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