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GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7803-51-2
Chemical Name	Phosphine
Substance ID	R01-B-089
Classification year (FY)	FY2019
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2018 FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
2	Flammable gases	Category 1	Danger	H220	P210 P377 P381 P403	It was classified in Category 1 based on a lower explosive limit of 1.6 vol% (ICSC (2013)). Besides, it is classified in Division 2.3, Subsidiary Risk 2.1 in UNRTDG (UN2199).
3	Aerosols	*	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
4	Oxidizing gases	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" because it is classified in Division 2.3, Subsidiary Risk 2.1 in UNRTDG (UN2199), and Division 5.1 is not assigned, including Subsidiary Risk.
5	Gases under pressure	High pressure liquefied gas	Warning	-	-	It was classified as high-pressure liquefied gas from a critical temperature of 51.3 deg C (Hommel (1991)).
6	Flammable liquids	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
7	Flammable solids	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
9	Pyrophoric liquids	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
10	Pyrophoric solids	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
13	Oxidizing liquids	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
14	Oxidizing solids	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
15	Organic peroxides	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
16	Corrosive to metals	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to gas substances are not available.
17	Desensitized explosives	*	- -	-	-	Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Category 1	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(4), it was classified in Category 1. [Evidence Data] (1) LC50 for rats (4 hours): 11 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2018), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1998), HSDB (Access on September 2019)) (2) LC50 for rats (4 hours): 15 mg/m3 (10.8 ppm) (EHC 73 (1988)) (3) LC50 for rats (4 hours): 28-33.3 ppm (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1998)) (4) LC50 for rats (4 hours): 57 ppm (49-66 ppm) (HSDB (Access on September 2019))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Gas (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Though there is a description in (1), it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) It was classified in "Skin Irrit. 2 (H315)" in the EU CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on November 2019)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Respiratory sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified as "Not classified." [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, there are reports of negative results in a chromosomal aberration test with mice and rats by inhalation exposure, a sister chromatid exchange test, a dominant lethal test and a micronucleus test with mice (ACGIH (7th, 2018), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1998)). (2) As for in vitro, there is a negative result in a bacterial reverse mutation test, and there is a report of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes (ACGIH (7th, 2018), REACH registration dossier (Access on November 2019)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) There is a report that chromosomal aberrations were observed in pesticide workers who were exposed to this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (4) In a cohort study of 31 workers who were engaged in fumigation with this substance for a mean of 11.6 years (1.5-32 years), no significant effects were observed in incidences of micronuclei and urinary mutagenicity (IRIS (1995), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1998)).
6	Carcinogenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on the classification results by other organizations in (1), it was classified as "Classification not possible" in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. [Evidence Data] (1) As for the classification results by domestic and international organizations, it was classified in A4 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2018)), and as D by EPA (IRIS (1995)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), no developmental effects were observed. However, since there are no data on sexual function and fertility, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. [Evidence Data] (1) In a developmental toxicity test in which pregnant rats were exposed by inhalation on gestational Days 6-15, no developmental effect was observed (IRIS (1995), ACGIH (7th, 2018)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on information on humans in (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract). Information on experimental animals in (4) also supports the effects on the central nervous system and respiratory organs. Besides, in the previous classification, the liver was also included as the target organ with basis on liver hypertrophy. However, as a result of examining the evidence information, it was not adopted as a rationale for the classification since it is described that poisoning cases might be caused by this substance, and the details were unknown. Therefore, the classification result was changed. [Evidence Data] (1) It is described that the main target organs for this substance are the respiratory system (cough, sore throat, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, etc.) and the central nervous system (headache, vertigo, tremors, unsteady gait, convulsion, coma, etc.) (IPCS, PIM 865 (1997)). (2) There is a report that 26 out of 59 persons who developed poisoning symptoms due to inhalation exposure to this substance died, and that main symptoms observed were respiratory symptoms (shortness of breath, dyspnea, chest tightness, diaphragmatic pain, cough, etc.), gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), headache, paresthesia, diplopia, tremors and jaundice (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (3) There is a report that in a case of poisoning (29 adults, 2 children) which occurred in a grain freighter in which fumigation was being conducted using this substance which was being generated by the reaction of aluminum phosphide (CAS RN 20859-73-8) and water, in addition to symptoms of the respiratory system, central nervous system and gastrointestinal system, electrocardiographic abnormality and increased myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity were observed in one surviving child, and pulmonary edema, focal myocardial necrosis and inflammation of the mitral/aortic valve were observed in a dead child (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1998), ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (4) There is a report that in a 4-hour inhalation exposure test with rats, the LC50 value was 11 ppm, and that signs typical of respiratory irritation were observed, including hyperemia of the ears, salivation, lacrimation, face-pawing and dyspnea (ACGIH (7th, 2018)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Though multiple pieces of information on acute effects in humans were reported, there is no report with cases due to repeated exposure. Based on (1)-(3), no clear effects were observed in inhalation exposure studies in experimental animals at concentrations that allow repeated dose. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." [Reference Data, etc.] (1) As a result of inhalation exposure of rats for 104 weeks, no treatment-related effects were observed in body weight, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, necropsy and organ weights at concentrations up to 3 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (2) Though experimental animals tolerated exposure at a concentration of 5 ppm for 2 months (4 hours/day), they died after 7 exposures at a concentration of 10 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2018)). (3) As a result of inhalation exposure of rats at a concentration of 0.37, 1 and 3 ppm for 13 weeks, decreased body weight gain and food consumption were observed at or above 1 ppm, and slight decreases (5%) in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit value were observed at 3 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2018)).
10	Aspiration hazard	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Gas (GHS definition)

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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