NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	79-27-6
Chemical Name	1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane
Substance ID	R02-B-001-MHLW, MOE
Classification year (FY)	FY2020
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006 FY2010
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2019 revised edition (Ver. 2.0))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified."
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
6	Flammable liquids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available. Besides, there is information that it is very flame-retardant (Hommel (1991)).
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. It was classified as "Not classified."
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" because it is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 335 deg C (NFPA (14th, 2010)).
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). It was classified as "Not classified."Besides, this substance generates highly poisonous flammable vapor (hydrogen bromide) when it decomposes by heating to 190 deg C or above and contacts with water (Hommel (1991)).
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine. It was classified as "Not classified."
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
17	Desensitized explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 4 from (1), (2). [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats: males: 924 mg/kg, females: 925 mg/kg (JECDB (Access on April 2020)) (2) LD50 for rats: 1,200 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2019), GESTIS (Access on April 2020), HSDB (Access on April 2020))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified as "Not classified" from (1). [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats: 5,250 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2019), JECDB (Access on April 2020), GESTIS (Access on April 2020), HSDB (Access on April 2020))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Liquid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, source data are unknown for vapor pressure (5.32 Pa) in ICSC, which was used in the previous classification, and 0.02 mmHg (0.372 mg/L) with source data (ACGIH (7th, 2019), HSDB (Access on April 2020)) was adopted. Therefore, this substance was judged as mist, not vapor, and the classification result was changed from the previous classification.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Category 3	Danger	H331	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P311 P321 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 3 from (1). Source data are unknown for vapor pressure (5.32 Pa) in ICSC, which was used in Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) in the previous classification, and 0.02 mmHg (0.372 mg/L) with source data (ACGIH (7th, 2019), HSDB (Access on April 2020)) was adopted. Therefore, this substance was judged as mist, not vapor, and the classification result was changed from the previous classification. Besides, because an exposure concentration was higher than the saturated vapor pressure concentration (0.372 mg/L), the reference value in the unit of mg/L was applied as mist. The classification result was changed from the previous classification by the use of a new information source. [Evidence Data] (1) LC50 for rats (4 hours): 549 mg/m3 (0.549 mg/L) (ACGIH (7th, 2019), GESTIS (Access on April 2020), HSDB (Access on April 2020)) (2) Vapor pressure of this substance: 0.02 mmHg (25 deg C) (converted value for the saturated vapor pressure concentration : 0.372 mg/L) (HSDB (Access on April 2020))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 2 from (1) - (3). [Evidence Data] (1) This substance is an eye and skin irritant in exposed workers, and direct contact with the skin can cause blistering (ACGIH (7th, 2019)). (2) This substance is irritating to the mucosa and skin (GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). (3) In experiments with rabbits, an open application does not cause irritation, but after occlusive application, slight erythema was seen, and edema and blistering were observed after 24 hours, but ordinary contact does not represent a skin problem (Patty (6th, 2012)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 2 from (1) - (4). The classification result was changed because sufficient data for sub-categorization could not be found. [Evidence Data] (1) Application of this substance to the rabbit eye caused pain but only slight conjunctival irritation and superficial injury of the cornea (ACGIH (7th, 2019), HSDB (Access on April 2020)). (2) This substance is an eye and skin irritant in exposed workers, and direct contact with the skin can cause blistering (ACGIH (7th, 2019)). (3) This substance is irritating to the mucosa and skin (GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). (4) Exposure to this substance cause irritation of the eye, nose, and upper respiratory tract in humans (Patty (6th, 2012)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vitro test, it is reported that it was negative in an Ames test and a chromosomal aberration test with CHL cells (JECDB (Access on April 2020)). Besides, as for Ames tests, there is the knowledge that it was reported to be positive in an old test (ACGIH (7th, 2019)).
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) It is described that in a test by dermal administration to tumor-prone H2: ICR Swiss mice, no increase in tumors was found at the site of application (Patty (6th, 2012)), but there was a statistically significant increased incidence of forestomach papillomas (ACGIH (7th, 2019), Patty (6th, 2012)). However, the biological significance of these findings is unclear (ACGIH (7th, 2019)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), at doses at which toxicity in parent animals was observed, no effect on fertility was observed, and effects on the weight of offspring were observed. These effects were deemed insufficient as a rationale for classification. In addition, no sufficient data on developmental effects was obtained. Therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data. [Evidence Data] (1) In a reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test with rats dosed by gavage (OECD TG 421), at doses at which toxicity in parent animals (centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy of the liver and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular cells in males and females, and tendencies of reduced body weight gain and reduced food consumption in females during the lactation period) were observed, lower body weight (significant on post-natal day 4 in males and post-natal day 1 and 4 in females) was observed in offspring (JECDB (Access on April 2020)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) In a toxicity test with newborn rats orally dosed during the lactation period, increases in absolute and relative liver weight and higher serum protein were observed in males and females (JECDB (Access on April 2020)).
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)	Danger Warning	H370 H335	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), respiratory tract irritation and effects on the central nervous system were observed in humans with acute exposure to this substance, and findings that suggested effects on the central nervous system and respiratory tract irritation were also observed in test animals in (3) and (4), and therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system) and Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). In (1), liver damage was also reported, but since only one case was reported, the liver was not judged to be a target organ. [Evidence Data] (1) In a case in which a chemist who performed a test using this substance for one day (average exposure concentration: 2 ppm; peak exposure concentration: approx. 16 ppm) developed serious liver damage and fell into a moribund state, his initial symptoms were headache, anorexia, vomiting, and stomach pains. Other chemists who were at the same site complained of slight irritation of the eyes and nose, followed by headaches and lassitude (ACGIH (7th, 2019)). (2) An individual with acute exposure to this substance was evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram, and neurobehavioral assessment. And the results suggested widespread central nervous system dysfunction (ACGIH (7th, 2019)). (3) Rats were exposed to a saturated vapor of this substance. As a result, slight irritation of the eyes and nose was observed (ACGIH (7th, 2019)). (4) In an acute oral toxicity test with rats, after the treatment, a reduction in locomotor activity and lying on belly were observed, and tremor was also observed in a few rats (JECDB (Access on April 2020)). [Reference Data, etc.] (5) There was a statement that this substance was a central nervous system depressant and liver and kidney toxicant (Patty (6th, 2012)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 2 (liver)	Danger Warning	H372 H373	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), effects with changes in parameters that indicated hepatotoxicity were observed from the dose of Category 2 in oral administration to test animals, and based on (2), effects on the lung and liver were observed within the range for Category 1 in inhalation exposure of test animals, and therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) and Category 2 (liver). In the previous classification, it was classified in Category 1 (liver) and Category 2 (thyroid) based on the information of (1), but the changes in the liver observed within the range for Category 1 in the test were considered to be adaptive changes, and findings of the thyroid that were assigned to Category 2 were considered to be changes due to increased metabolism and decomposition of thyroid hormone in the liver. Furthermore, in the previous classification, it was classified in Category 2 (lung) based on the information of (2), but considering the information that effects on the lung were observed after exposure to a concentration within the range for Category 1, and that there was respiratory tract irritation, Category 1 (respiratory organs) was considered to be appropriate. Accordingly, the classification was changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1) In a 28-day oral toxicity test with rats, at or above 20 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 6 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 1), an increase in liver weight, centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy, etc. were observed; at or above 60 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 19 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 2), hypertrophy of the thyroid follicular epithelium was observed; and at 200 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 62 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 2), transient loose stool, an increase in kidney weight, lower pH of urine, an increase in gamma GT, a reduction in total bilirubin, and a reduction in platelet count were observed in males. As for changes in the thyroid, it was considered that they could be due to increased metabolism and decomposition of thyroid hormone in the liver (JECDB (Access on April 2020)). (2) It was reported that as a result of 100 to 106 day inhalation exposure (7 hours/day, 5 days/week) of rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice, and monkeys to 14 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.23 mg/L, within the range for Category 2), edema in the lung and slight fatty degeneration in the liver were observed in all species, and as a result of 180-day inhalation exposure (7 hours/day, 5 days/week) to 4 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.07 mg/L, within the range for Category 1), slight changes in the lung and liver tissues were observed in some species (ACGIH (7th, 2019), Patty (6th, 2012)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) The ACGIH indicated eye and upper respiratory tract irritation, pulmonary edema, and liver damage as the basis for setting of TLV-TWA (ACGIH (7th, 2019)).
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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