GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government
GENERAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE INFORMATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
GENERAL INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| CAS RN | 7440-48-4 |
| Chemical Name | Cobalt |
| Substance ID | R02-B-025-MHLW, MOE |
| Classification year (FY) | FY2020 |
| Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
| New/Revised | Revised |
| Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 FY2014 FY2015 |
| Download of Excel format | Excel file |
REFERENCE INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2019 revised edition (Ver. 2.0)) |
| UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
| Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
| Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 7 | Flammable solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. Besides, there is information that finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in the air (ICSC (2004)). Also, although it is not limited to cobalt, metal powder, flammable, N.O.S. is classified in Division 4.1 PG II, III in UNRTDG (UN3089). |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" because it is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 760 deg C (ATSDR (2004)). Besides, there is information that it may ignite spontaneously on contact with air when finely divided (ICSC (2004)). |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" because it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water from data obtained: it was insoluble in water (GESTIS, ATSDR (2004)). |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | It is an elementary metal containing no oxygen or halogen. It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not an organic substance. It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. |
| 17 | Desensitized explosives | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified." |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
 Warning |
H302 | P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] (1) was adopted because it was a GLP test, and it was classified in Category 4. The category was changed from the previous classification by the use of a new information source (1). [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats: 550 mg/kg (AICIS IMAP (2014), REACH registration dossier (Access on June 2020)) [Reference Data, etc.] (2) LD50 for rats: 6,171 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2010), HSDB (Access on May 2020), GESTIS (Access on May 2020)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Category 1 |
 Danger |
H330 | P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 1 because an LC50 value was considered to be lower than 0.05 mg/L from (1). The classification result was changed from the previous classification by the use of a new information source. [Evidence Data] (1) In a test by 4-hour inhalation exposure of rats to the dust of this substance at 0.05-5.08 mg/L, all the animals died at all the concentrations. Besides, the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the test substance ranged from 2.7-3.5 micrometer (AICIS IMAP (2014), REACH registration dossier (Access on June 2020)). |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified as "Not classified" from (1), (2). The classification result was changed due to new data obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) In an in-vitro skin irritation test in the reconstructed human epidermis model according to OECD TG 439, cell viability was 95.1%, and it was judged as "Not classified" (AICIS IMAP (2014)). (2) Based on occupational experience, very general indications exist of possible eye irritation but not of skin irritation (GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2B |
Warning |
H320 | P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 |
[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 2B from (1) - (4). The classification result was changed due to new data (1) - (3) obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) In an eye irritation test with rabbits on the powder of this substance according to OECD TG 405, moderate reddening of the conjunctivae and slight to moderate reddening of the sclera were observed and persisted until 72 hours after treatment but disappeared after 7 days (AICIS IMAP (2014)). (2) In an in-vitro eye damage test in the bovine cornea (BCOP) on this substance (powder, median particle diameter 2.3 micrometer) according to OECD TG 437, the mean in vitro irritancy score (IVIS) was 1.79, and corrosivity (Category 1) was denied (AICIS IMAP (2014)). (3) Based on occupational experience, very general indications exist of possible eye irritation but not of skin irritation (GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). (4) The dust or fume of cobalt causes redness when entering the eye (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Category 1A |
 Danger |
H334 | P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 1A from (1) - (5). [Evidence Data] (1) This substance was classified in occupational sensitizers to the airway and skin sensitizers Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2010)). (2) An intracutaneous provocation test with cobalt chloride was reported to be positive in workers with asthma in the metal processing, etc., and some of them were positive in the RAST (MAK (DFG) vol.23 (2007)). (3) Bronchial asthma was reported in workers exposed to various forms of cobalt (metal cobalt particles, cobalt salts, etc.) (SIDS (2011)). (4) Exposure of humans to this substance by the inhalation and dermal routes resulted in sensitization (ATSDR (2004)). (5) Skin disorder or disorder of the respiratory tract/lung was described as disease due to work involving exposure to this substance in Article 35 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Labor Standards Act (Notification No. 33 (1996)). [Reference Data, etc.] (6) It was classified in Resp. Sens. 1 (H334) in EU CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on June 2020)). |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Category 1A |
Warning |
H317 | P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 1A from (1) - (5). [Evidence Data] (1) This substance was classified in occupational sensitizers to the airway and skin sensitizers Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2010)). (2) There are reports on allergy to cobalt due to occupational exposure in lathe operators and others (MAK (DFG) vol.23 (2007)). (3) Exposure of humans to this substance by the inhalation and dermal routes resulted in sensitization (ATSDR (2004)). (4) Skin disorder or disorder of the respiratory tract/lung was described as disease due to work involving exposure to this substance in Article 35 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Labor Standards Act (Notification No. 33 (1996)). (5) It is reported that cobalt chloride (CAS RN 7646-79-9) was positive in a skin sensitization test with guinea pigs. There is also a report that cobalt chloride, same as the above, was positive in a mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA, modified) (Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2010), ACGIH (7th, 2019), AICIS IMAP (2014)). [Reference Data, etc.] (6) It was classified in Skin Sens. 1 (H317) in EU CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on June 2020)). |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] There are concerns over local effects of cobalt metal from (1), (2), but due to no appropriate in vivo data related, it was classified as "Classification not possible." [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo data on cobalt metal, it was negative in a micronucleus test in peripheral blood erythrocytes after 3-month inhalation exposure of mice (NTP TR 581 (2014), SIAR (2011), CEBS (Access on April 2020), EU CLP CLH (2017)). (2) As for in vitro data on cobalt metal, it was reported to be positive in a bacterial reverse mutation test (NTP TR581 (2014), CEBS (Access on April 2020)), but there is a report that it was negative in tests conducted in three different laboratories recently (Kirkland et al., 2015) (EU CLP CLH (2017)). It is reported that it was positive for DNA breaks in mouse embryo cells (BALB/3T3), human lymphocytes, and human mononuclear cells, positive for DNA damage in human mononuclear cells, positive in a micronucleus test in human lymphocytes, and negative in cell transformational tests in mouse embryo cells (C3H10T1/2) and human osteosarcoma cells (IARC 86 (2006), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) It is described in EU CLP that negative results in chromosomal aberration/micronucleus tests in the exposure routes applicable to humans indicated that the systemic genotoxic effects of cobalt might be relatively weak in vivo (EU CLP CLH (2017)). However, it is described that it was impossible to exclude local effects due to a positive result after intraperitoneal administration, and it was classified in Muta. 2 in EU CLP classification (EU CLP classification (Access on June 2020)). |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H351 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 2 from (1) - (3). [Evidence Data] (1) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, IARC classified cobalt metal with tungsten carbide in Group 2A and cobalt metal without tungsten carbide in Group 2B (IARC 86 (2006)), the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified cobalt metal (with tungsten carbide) in Group 2A (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), proposed in 2016)) and cobalt and its compounds (without tungsten carbide) in Group 2B (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), re-assessed in 2016)), ACGIH classified cobalt and inorganic compounds in A3 (ACGIH (7th, 2019)), NTP classified cobalt and cobalt compounds that release cobalt ions in vivo in R (Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens) (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)), and it was classified in 1B in EU CLP (EU CLP classification (Access on May 2020)), and 2 in MAK (DFG) (MAK (DFG) vol.3 (2007)). (2) There are multiple reports that there was an increased risk of death from lung cancer in the group exposed to hard-metal dust containing this substance (cobalt) and tungsten carbide in an epidemiological study in workers in hard metal plants in France, while there is a report that there was a lung cancer risk in relation to exposures to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide, but it had problems (no exposure-response relationships were reported, and the results were not adjusted for confounders such as exposure to other carcinogens and smoking), and another study reported no increase in the risk of lung cancer mortality among cobalt production plants (IARC 86 (2006)). (3) In carcinogenicity tests by 105-week inhalation exposure of male and female rats and mice to this substance (metal particulate aerosol), significant increases in the incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and carcinoma in the lung and significant increases in the incidence of benign and malignant pheochromocytoma in the adrenal medulla were observed in male and female rats. Also in male and female mice, significant increases in the incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar tumors (mainly carcinoma) in the lung were found. From the above, it was concluded that there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of this substance in both male and female rats and male and female mice (NTP TR581 (2014)). |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H360 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), since this substance was shown to be soluble in artificial gastric and lysosomal fluids, it was considered that classification was possible based on the data of soluble cobalt compounds. There was data of this substance in (6), but it was not used for the classification since it was considered to have low bioavailability in administration by gavage. The data of water-soluble cobalt in (3) to (5) showed reproductive effects of toxicity in the male reproductive organs, and developmental effects including malformations at a dose at which no maternal toxicity was observed. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1B. Since the data of water-soluble cobalt was used, the classification results were changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1) Water-soluble cobalt and poorly water-soluble cobalt have a different mechanism by which cobalt ions enter the cells, and water-soluble cobalt is taken into the cells as ions through ion channels. On the other hand, poorly water-soluble particulate cobalt compounds are taken into the lysosomes in the cells through endocytosis, solubilized in an acidic environment in the lysosomes, and released into the cells as ions. This showed that this substance which was poorly water-soluble also entered the living body and released cobalt ions, and cobalt ions were the main cause of toxicity and carcinogenicity (NTP RoC (14th, 2016). (2) It was shown that the water solubility of this substance was low (0.00029 g/100 cc), but the solubility in artificial gastric and lysosomal fluids was 100% (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)). (3) In a test in which male mice were dosed with cobalt chloride (CAS RN 7646-79-9) by drinking water for 12 weeks, and then mated with untreated females, toxicity in the male reproductive organs (decreases in testis and seminal vesicle weight, decreases in sperm count and spermatogenesis potential, hypertrophy of the Leydig cells, degeneration of the spermatogonia, necrosis of the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues, etc.) were observed, and increases in number of resorptions and number of females with resorptions, reduced number of live fetuses, and reduced fertility of males (reduced number of pregnant animals) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). (4) In a developmental toxicity study in which female rats were dosed with cobalt sulfate (CAS RN 10124-43-3) by gavage on days 1 to 21 of gestation, low body weight, delayed development of the skeleton, and an increase in the incidence of malformations (skull, spine, renal pelvis, renal tubules, ovary, testis) were observed in fetuses at a dose at which no maternal toxicity was observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). (5) In a developmental toxicity study in which female mice were dosed with cobalt sulfate (CAS RN 10124-43-3) by gavage on days 6 to 15 of gestation, low body weight, delayed development of the skeleton, and an increase in the incidence of malformations (eyelid, kidney, skull, spine) were observed in fetuses at a dose at which no maternal toxicity was observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). [Reference Data, etc.] (6) In a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD TG 422) with rats dosed with this substance by gavage, reduced number of implantations and a decrease in live birth index were observed at a dose at which toxicity in parent animals (deaths of mothers (5/10 animals), gross findings of the intestinal tract, etc.) was observed (RAC Background Document (2017)). The RAC Background Document (2017) stated that the bioavailability of this substance was low in administration by gavage dosed in large amount at a time, which was different from ingesting in low concentrations over a long period of time like in administration by feeding, and therefore, it was considered to be reference data. (7) In the EU CLP classification, it was classified as Repr.1B (Classification in EU CLP (Access on April 2020)). (8) In a developmental toxicity study in which female rabbits were dosed with cobalt sulfate (CAS RN 10124-43-3) by gavage on days 6 to 20 of gestation, at a dose at which maternal toxicity (death (5/25 cases) was observed, complete embryo resorption (6/25 cases), low body weight, and delayed development of the skeleton were observed in fetuses (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs) |
Danger |
H370 | P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (4), it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs). With the addition of new information (1), (3), and (4), the classification result was changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1) Hard metal is a metal alloy with a matrix of this substance and tungsten carbide. It was reported that this substance was the probable causative agent for the respiratory effects observed in hard metal workers (ATSDR (2004)). (2) It was reported that after healthy volunteers inhaled hard metal dust containing an average of 0.038 mg/m3 (0.014 to 0.076 mg/m3) of this substance for 6 hours, a transient decrease in ventilation, possibly due to its irritating nature, occurred. It was also reported that in workers who were exposed to hard metal dust, obstructive impairment of the respiratory tract occurred at an average cobalt concentration of 0.126 mg/m3 (0.006 to 0.610 mg/m3), and obstruction of the respiratory tract and irritative symptoms occurred at 0.06 mg/m3 (0.01 to 0.15 mg/m3) (OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1992)). (3) It was reported that in an acute inhalation exposure test with rats dosed with this substance, at 0.05 mg/L/4 hours (powder, equivalent to Category 1), all animals died before day 11, and perivascular inflammatory edema in the lungs with neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, and histiocytes, as well as interstitial pneumonia were observed (AICIS IMAP (2014)) (4) As for this substance, Article 35 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Labor Standards Act described skin disorders, or respiratory tract and lung disorders (Ministry of Labour Notification No. 33 (1996)). |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs, heart, thyroid, blood system, reproductive organs (male)) |
Danger |
H372 | P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (3) and (6), there was information that effects on the respiratory organs, heart, thyroid, blood system were observed in humans. Based on (4) and (5), there was information that effects on the respiratory organs, and reproductive organs (males) were observed in experimental animals at a dose within the range for Category 1. Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, heart, thyroid, blood system, reproductive organs (males)). With the addition of new information (1), (3) to (6), the classification result was changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1) In a survey for workers of cobalt refineries (exposure period: 0.3 to 39.4 years (on average 8.0 years), geometric mean of weighted-average exposure concentration: about 125 microg/m3), dyspnea, wheezing, an increase in leukocyte count, and decreases in thyroid hormone T3, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit level were observed, and increases in the incidence of abnormal levels of thyroid hormone (T3 uptake, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone), cardiac creatine kinase (CPK) activities, leukocyte count, and erythrocyte count were also reported (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), ATSDR (2004), CICAD 69 (2009), AICIS IMAP (2014)). (2) In multiple surveys for workers of cobalt refineries and hard metal industries, diamond polishers using cobalt grinding stone, and painters using cobalt blue dye, effects on the respiratory systems such as irritation of the nose and throat, coughing, wheezing, asthma, decreases in forced vital capacity, volume in 1 second, and maximum mid-expiratory volume, interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis were reported (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1992), ATSDR (2004), CICAD 69 (2009), AICIS IMAP (2014)). (3) It was also reported that workers of hard metal industries, etc. had cardiomyopathy which was considered to be related to exposure to this substance. It was also reported that in these cases of cardiomyopathy, functional effects on the ventricles, enlargement of the heart, and congestion of the liver and kidney were observed (OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1992), ATSDR (2004)). (4) In a 14-week inhalation exposure test by administration of this substance to rats (exposed to powder, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week), a decrease in lung weight, pneumonia, and alveolar proteinosis at or above 0.000625 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.0005 mg/L, within the range for Category 1); bronchiolar hyperplasia, and degeneration of olfactory epithelium at or above 0.00125 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.001 mg/L, within the range for Category 1); and hyperplasia of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia, and turbinate atrophy at or above 0.0025 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.0019 mg/L, within the range for Category 1) were observed. In male rats, a decrease in sperm motility at or above 0.000625 mg/L was also observed (NTP TR581 (2014)). (5) In a 14-week inhalation exposure test by administration of this substance to mice (exposed to powder, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week), lung infiltration, vacuolar degeneration of the bronchiole, and squamous metaplasia of the larynx at or above 0.000625 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.0005 mg/L, within the range for Category 1); degeneration of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia at or above 0.00125 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.001 mg/L, within the range for Category 1); hyperplasia of the bronchiole and respiratory epithelium, and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium at or above 0.0025 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.0019 mg/L, within the range for Category 1); and brown lung, alveolar proteinosis, lung megakaryocyte, turbinate atrophy, hemorrhagic lungs, pneumonia, and nasal inflammation at or above 0.005 mg/L (converted guidance value 0.0039 mg/L, within the range for Category 1) were observed. In males, a decrease in sperm motility at or above 0.0025 mg/L, a decrease in testis weight and a decrease in sperm activities at or above 0.005 mg/L; and testis degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hypospermia, and germ cell exfoliation in the epididymis at or above 0.01 mg/L (powder, within the range for Category 1) were also observed (NTP TR581 (2014)). (6) As for this substance, Article 35 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Labor Standards Act described skin disorders, or respiratory tract and lung disorders (Ministry of Labour Notification No. 33 (1996)). |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | Category 1 |
 Warning |
H400 | P273 P391 P501 |
It was classified in Category 1 from 72-hour EC50 = 0.144 mg/L for algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata) (REACH registration dossier, 2020). The classification result was changed from the previous classification by using new information. |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H410 | P273 P391 P501 |
Although environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound are unknown, it was classified in Category 1 from 28-day NOEC = 0.00683 mg/L for crustacea (Hyalella azteca) (REACH registration dossier, 2020). The classification result was changed from the previous classification by using new information. |
| 12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
NOTE:
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