GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Item Information
CAS RN 532-27-4
Chemical Name 2-chloroacetophenone
Substance ID R02-B-070-MHLW, MOE
Classification year (FY) FY2020
Ministry who conducted the classification Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year FY2006  
Download of Excel format Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Item Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link) GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2019 revised edition (Ver. 2.0))
UN GHS document (External link) UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Explosives Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."
2 Flammable gases Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
3 Aerosols Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified."
4 Oxidizing gases Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
5 Gases under pressure Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
6 Flammable liquids Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
7 Flammable solids Classification not possible
-
-
- - No data available. Besides, there is information that it is combustible (ICSC (2002)).
8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. It was classified as "Not classified."
9 Pyrophoric liquids Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
10 Pyrophoric solids Classification not possible
-
-
- - No data available.
11 Self-heating substances and mixtures Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available.
12 Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). It was classified as "Not classified."
13 Oxidizing liquids Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
14 Oxidizing solids Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine and oxygen (but not fluorine) which are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen. It was classified as "Not classified."
15 Organic peroxides Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."
16 Corrosive to metals Classification not possible
-
-
- - Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.
17 Desensitized explosives Not classified (Not applicable)
-
-
- - There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
1 Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 3


Danger
H301 P301+P310
P264
P270
P321
P330
P405
P501
[Rationale for the Classification]
It was classified in Category 3 from (1), (2).

[Evidence Data]
(1) LD50 for rats: 71-258 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001))
(2) LD50 for rats: 127 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001), NTP TR379 (1990), HSDB (Access on May 2020))
1 Acute toxicity (Dermal) Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) Not classified
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified."
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1 Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
There was no information on an LC50 value, but there was a report on an LDLo value of 0.417 mg/L for mice (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 6 (Ministry of the Environment, 2008)), and an LD50 value was thought to be larger than this value. However, because it was impossible to determine the category, it was classified as "Classification not possible."

[Reference Data, etc.]
(1) LDLo for mice: 0.417 mg/L (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008))
2 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2


Warning
H315 P302+P352
P332+P313
P362+P364
P264
P280
P321
[Rationale for the Classification]
It was classified in Category 2 from (1) - (5).

[Evidence Data]
(1) Regardless of the animal species, primary contact dermatitis was marked and persistent with this substance. In addition to producing more marked erythema, edema, and desquamation, inflammation extended beyond the original area of application (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(2) This substance is irritating to the skin and can cause severe chemical burns (second and third degree) (IRIS (1991)).
(3) This substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract in humans, and contact with the skin causes erythema and pain (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008)).
(4) It causes moderate to severe irritation to the skin and has a potential to sensitize the skin (GESTIS (Access on May 2020)).
(5) Primary irritant dermatitis was observed at high concentrations in range-finding studies in 7 volunteers for patch testing, and the reactions resolved within 1 week, but hyperpigmentation was seen at the application sites (HSDB (Access on May 2020)).

[Reference Data, etc.]
(6) Following application of solutions (0.5 mL) of this substance in trioctyl phosphate to the skin of rabbits (2 animals) for 30 minutes, mean primary irritation scores were 4.0 (unwashed) for a 1% solution, and 5.5 (unwashed), 5.2 (washed), or 2.9 (washed with water and soap) for a 4% solution (HSDB (Access on May 2020)).
(7) As a result of application of a 12.5% solution of this substance in acetone or corn oil to the skin of rabbits, guinea pigs, or rats for 6 hours, depending on the species, slight to moderate erythema and slight to marked edema were observed at the end but disappeared completely between 7 and 14 days. On days 4-7, mild to marked desquamation was observed in rats and guinea pigs, Between day 1 and 7, ecchymoses and scattered necrotic areas were found in rabbits, followed by scar tissue formation. In all species, lesions extended beyond the original area of application (HSDB (Access on May 2020)).
3 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1


Danger
H318 P305+P351+P338
P280
P310
[Rationale for the Classification]
It was classified in Category 1 from (1) - (5).

[Evidence Data]
(1) In an eye irritation test with rabbits on solutions of this substance in polyethylene glycol 300, lacrimation, blepharitis, chemosis, conjunctivitis, iritis, keratitis, vascularization, etc were observed, and severe corneal damage was evident at doses of 5 mg or higher (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(2) A 10% solution of this substance in methyl chloroform caused permanent corneal damage in rabbits (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(3) Spraying this substance caused severe and sometimes permanent corneal damage in rabbits and monkeys (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(4) This substance severely irritates the eye in humans and irritates the skin and respiratory tract. Entry into the eye produced erythema, pain, blurred vision, irreversible partial loss of vision, and contact with the skin causes erythema and pain (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008)).
(5) It has severely irritative to corrosive action on the mucous membranes of the eyes and airways (GESTIS (Access on May 2020), HSDB (Access on May 2020)).
4 Respiratory sensitization Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4 Skin sensitization Category 1


Warning
H317 P302+P352
P333+P313
P362+P364
P261
P272
P280
P321
P501
[Rationale for the Classification]
It was classified in Category 1 from (1) - (3).

[Evidence Data]
(1) In a skin sensitization test with guinea pigs (topical administration: 0.2 mL of a 1% or 0.5% solution in acetone, or intradermal administration: 10-25 microg/0.5 mL), contact sensitization was observed (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(2) This substance is known to be a dermal sensitizer in humans, and it caused sensitization in guinea pigs following either dermal or intradermal application (IRIS (1991)).
(3) It causes moderate to severe irritation to the skin and has a potential to sensitize the skin (GESTIS (Access on May 2020)).
5 Germ cell mutagenicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Classification not possible due to lack of data.

[Evidence Data]
(1) There were no in vivo data.
(2) As for in vitro, it was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation test, and as for test systems using cultured mammalian cells, it was negative in a sister chromatid exchange test and weakly positive in a chromosomal aberration test (NTP TR379 (1990), ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Access on May 2020), GESTIS (Access on May 2020), CEBS (Access on May 2020)).
6 Carcinogenicity Not classified
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
From (1), (2), although an increase in fibroadenoma of the mammary gland was observed in female rats, it was classified as "Not classified" because ACGIH classified it in A4 by taking the above result into account.

[Evidence Data]
(1) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, ACGIH classified it in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(2) In a carcinogenicity test by 2-year inhalation exposure of male and female rats to this substance, a significant increase in fibroadenoma of the mammary gland was observed in female rats. No increase in tumor incidences was seen in male rats and male and female mice. From the above, it was concluded that there was equivocal evidence of the carcinogenicity of this substance for female rats, and there was no evidence of the carcinogenicity of this substance for male rats and male and female mice (NTP TR379 (1990), ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
7 Reproductive toxicity Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Classification was not possible due to lack of data.
8 Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects)



Danger
Warning
H370
H336
P308+P311
P260
P264
P270
P321
P405
P501
P304+P340
P403+P233
P261
P271
P312
[Rationale for the Classification]
Based on (1) to (4), it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) and Category 3 (narcotic effects). A new information source was used and the classification results were changed from the previous classification.

[Evidence Data]
(1) The main symptoms of exposure to this substance in humans were tingling in the nose with rhinorrhea, and burning of the throat and eyes with lacrimation. More severe exposures produced pulmonary congestion and edema (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
(2) Four human volunteers were exposed to this substance within the range of 40-350 mg/m3 until they could no longer tolerate the effects or until a maximum of 4-minute exposure was attained. As a result, the subjects mainly complained of tingling of the nose, rhinorrhea, burning of the throat, burning of the eyes with lacrimation, and blurred vision. In addition, burning of the skin around the eyes or throat, burning in the chest with difficulties in breathing, slight nausea, and slightly increased transient airway resistance were also observed, but these symptoms disappeared after the exposure (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008), HSDB (Access on May 2020)).
(3) When tear gas containing this substance was used to suppress a riot in a prison, a 33-year-old man died 46 hours later and was diagnosed with acute necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis caused by the tear gas (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008)).
(4) In a prison, this substance was sprayed in 44 prison cells, and as a result, 8 inmates had one or more of the following symptoms: laryngotracheobronchitis, first- and second-degree chemical burns, and allergic reactions (severe systemic illness, vomiting, syncope, etc.). In addition, malaise, lethargy, dysuria, cough, pruritis, and conjunctivitis were observed, and in the other 20 inmates, dermal and ocular injuries occurred (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008), IRIS (1991)).
9 Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure Category 1 (respiratory organs)


Danger
H372 P260
P264
P270
P314
P501
[Rationale for the Classification]
Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs). The information on humans, which was used as a rationale for the previous classification, was not used as a rationale for the classification because it was highly likely that the effects were due to a single exposure. As a result of examination with added information from the new source, the classification results were changed from the previous classification.

[Evidence Data]
(1) In a 2-year test by an inhalation exposure of rats to this substance, hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity at or above 1 mg/m3 (0.001 mg/L, within the range for Category 1), and suppurative inflammation of the nasal cavity, and increases in lymphocyte count and nucleated erythrocyte count at 2 mg/m3 (0.002 mg/L, within the range for Category 1) were observed. It was suggested that the irritant effect on the nasal mucosa might have been exacerbated by viral infection (IRIS (1991), ACGIH (7th, 2001), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 6, Tentative Hazard Assessment Sheet (Ministry of the Environment, 2008)).
(2) In a 2-year test by an inhalation exposure of mice to this substance, rapid and shallow breathing, a decrease in survival rate in females at 2 mg/m3 (0.002 mg/L, within the range for Category 1), and hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity at 4 mg/m3 (0.004 mg/L, within the range for Category 1) were observed (Same as above).
10 Aspiration hazard Classification not possible
-
-
- - [Rationale for the Classification]
Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Hazard class Classification Pictogram
Signal word
Hazard statement
(code)
Precautionary statement
(code)
Rationale for the classification
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) Classification not possible
-
-
- - No data available.
11 Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) Classification not possible
-
-
- - No data available.
12 Hazardous to the ozone layer Classification not possible
-
-
- - This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.


NOTE:
  • GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
  • Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
  • This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
  • Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
  • A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
  • An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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