GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government
GENERAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE INFORMATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
GENERAL INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| CAS RN | 100-00-5 |
| Chemical Name | p-Nitrochlorobenzene |
| Substance ID | R03-B-013-MHLW |
| Classification year (FY) | FY2021 |
| Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) |
| New/Revised | Revised |
| Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2009 FY2006 |
| Download of Excel format | Excel file |
REFERENCE INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2019 revised edition (Ver. 2.0)) |
| UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
| Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
| Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (N-O) present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1, PG II in UNRTDG (UN 1578), it was considered to be not applicable to explosives, hazards of the highest precedence, therefore, it was classified as "Not classified." Besides, the calculated oxygen balance is -122, exothermic decomposition energy is 2050 J/g (Bretherick (7th, 2007)), and decomposition onset temperature is 300-450 deg C (Bretherick(7th, 2007)). |
| 2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
| 7 | Flammable solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. Besides, there is information that it is combustible (GESTIS (Accessed Oct 2021)). |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Type G |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (N-O) present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1, PG II in UNRTDG (UN 1578), it does not correspond to self-reactive substances and mixtures, hazards of the highest precedence, therefore, it was classified in Type G. |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 510 deg C (Hommel (1996)). |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available. |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine and oxygen (but not fluorine), and the oxygen is chemically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (N), but the classification is not possible due to no data. Besides, there is information that this substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustibles, and reducing materials (ICSC(1997)). |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. |
| 17 | Desensitized explosives | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (N-O) present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1, PG II in UNRTDG (UN 1578), it was considered to be not applicable to explosives, hazards of the highest precedence, therefore, it was classified as "Not classified." |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
 Warning |
H302 | P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (9), since the finding of (1) was near the upper limit of Category 3 and the other findings were within Category 4, a comprehensive judgment was made and it was classified in Category 4. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats (males): 294 mg/kg (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (2) LD50 for rats (females): 565 mg/kg (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (3) LD50 for rats (males): 694 mg/kg (SIAR (2002)) (4) LD50 for rats (females): 664 mg/kg (SIAR (2002)) (5) LD50 for rats: 530 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) (6) LD50 for rats: 420 mg/kg (DFG MAK (1992), Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991)) (7) LD50 for rats: 650 mg/kg (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991)) (8) LD50 for rats (males): 860 mg/kg (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991)) (9) LD50 for rats (females): 680 mg/kg (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Category 3 |
 Danger |
H311 | P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (7), it was classified in Category 3 by adopting the category with the higher hazard. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats (males): 750 mg/kg (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (2) LD50 for rats (females): 1,722 mg/kg (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (3) LD50 for rabbits (males): 3,550 mg/kg (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (4) LD50 for rabbits (females): 2,510 mg/kg (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (5) LD50 for rabbits: > 3,040 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) (6) LD50 for rabbits: 2,000 to 3,160 mg/kg (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), it was classified as "Not classified." Based on the new findings, the classification result was changed. [Evidence Data] (1) LC50 (4 hours, dust) for rats: > 16.1 mg/L (ACGIH (7th, 2001), SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2018), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008)) |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 3 in UN GHS classification). Also, based on the new findings, the classification result was changed. [Evidence Data] (1) In an acute dermal irritation/corrosion test (OECD TG 404, GLP, occlusive, 24-hour application, observation for 8 days) with rabbits (n=6), the mean erythema score in all animals was 0 at both 24 and 72 hours after removal of patches and the mean edema scores after 24 and 72 hours were 2.17 and 1.0, respectively. As the 48-hour score was not measured, it was obtained assuming it was identical to the 24-hour score. Thus, the overall mean erythema score at 24/48/72 hours was 0.0 and the overall mean edema score was 1.8. It was reported that this substance was slightly irritating (AICIS IMAP (2016), SIAR (2002), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), REACH registration dossier (Accessed Dec. 2021)). (2) It was reported that, in an acute dermal irritation/corrosion test (OECD TG 404, GLP, 500 mg of undiluted substance, 24-hour occlusive, observation for 72 hours) with rabbits (n=6), no erythema but slight edema (full score 4: 2.17/4) was observed in the intact skin, slight erythema (0.17/4) and slight edema (1.67/4) were observed in the abraded skin, and the reactions resolved by 72 hours post application. The irritation index of 0.1 was calculated (maximum value = 8) and this substance was reported to be slightly irritating (AICIS IMAP (2016), SIAR (2002), REACH registration dossier (Accessed Dec. 2021)). |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (3), it was classified as "Not classified." Based on the new findings, the classification result was changed. [Evidence Data] (1) In an acute eye irritation/corrosion test (equivalent to OECD TG 405, observation for 8 days) with rabbits (n=6), only conjunctival effects were observed, and the mean irritation scores (full score: 110) were 2/110 in 6/6 rabbits after 24 hours, 2/110 in 4/6 rabbits after 48 hours, 2/110 in 2/6 rabbits after 72 hours, and 0/110 in 6/6 rabbits after 8 days (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016), REACH registration dossier (Accessed Dec. 2021)). (2) In an acute eye irritation/corrosion test (equivalent to OECD TG 405, observation for 72 hours) with rabbits, the highest score (full score: 110) of the irritation indices at respective time points was 6/110 (REACH registration dossier (Accessed Dec. 2021)). (3) In an eye irritation test with rabbits (n=2) (the treated eye was washed after 20 seconds (1 animal) or not washed (1 animal), observation for 4 hours), slight corneal cloudiness was observed in the washed eye at 1-hour post-treatment, which disappeared 4 hours after treatment. No corneal, iridial or conjunctival effects were observed in the unwashed eye (SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)). |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) In a skin sensitization test by a Draize method with guinea pigs (induction: 3%, challenge: 0.3%), it was negative (SIAR (2002)). (2) In a skin sensitization test by a modified Draize method with guinea pigs (n=10) (induction: 10%, challenge: 10%), all animals showed a positive reaction (SIAR (2002)). (3) Due to the limited and poor quality information in the above two cases, the OECD judged that it could not be concluded whether or not this substance had a sensitizing activity (SIAR (2002)). |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Category 2 |
 Warning |
H341 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, positive results in a DNA strand break test (single intraperitoneal injection, 30 to 100 mg/kg) targeting the brain, liver, and kidney of mice, negative results in an adduct formations test using the rat hepatocytes (single oral application by gavage, 0.5 mmol/kg), negative results in a chromosomal aberration assay using the rat bone marrow (single oral application by gavage, 30 to 300 mg/kg), and positive results in a micronucleus assay using the mouse bone marrow (single intraperitoneal injection, 500 mg/kg) were obtained (IARC 123 (2020), AICIS IMAP (2016), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002)). (2) As for in vitro, positive or negative results in a bacterial reverse mutation test, positive or negative results in a chromosomal aberration tests with the cultured mammalian cells (CHL, CHO, human lymphocytes), positive results in a mouse lymphoma assay, and negative results in a gene mutation assay using the CHO cells were obtained (AICIS IMAP (2016), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002), Mutagenicity Test Data of Existing Chemical Substances based on the toxicity investigation system of the Industrial Safety and Health Law (Accessed Nov. 2021)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) In the EU CLP (Accessed Nov. 2021), it was classified in Muta. 2. |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H350 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (5), it was classified in Category 1B. [Evidence Data] (1) As for the classification results by domestic and international organizations, the IARC classified this substance in Group 2B (IARC 123 (2020)), the Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified it in Group 2B (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2020): proposed in 2015), the ACGIH classified it in A3 (ACGIH (7th, 2001): proposed in 1995), the EU classified it in Carc. 2 (EU CLP Classification Results (Accessed Nov. 2021)), the DFG classified it in Category 3 (List of MAK and BAT values 2020 (Accessed Nov. 2021)). (2) It was reported that, in a carcinogenicity study with rats dosed by feeding for 2 years (40 to 1,000 ppm), increased incidences of tumors derived from mesenchymal tissues of the spleen (fibroma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, sarcoma (NOS), hemangiosarcoma) and pheochromocytoma in the adrenal gland were observed in both males and females. It was reported that the tumors in the spleen were formed at or above 200 ppm in males and at 1,000 ppm in females and the tumors in the adrenal gland were formed at 1,000 ppm in both males and females (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment, 2002), IARC 123 (2020)). (3) It was reported that, in a carcinogenicity study with mice dosed by feeding for 2 years (125 to 2,000 ppm), increased incidences of hemangioma, malignant lymphoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma in males, and hemangiosarcoma of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma in females were observed, but since the incidence rate was low, it could not be determined that this substance was carcinogenic (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment, 2002), IARC 123 (2020)). (4) In a carcinogenicity study with mice dosed by feeding for 21 months (3,000 and 6,000 ppm), an increase in the incidence of vascular tumors was observed in both males and females at 6,000 ppm (IARC 123 (2020), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment, 2002)). (5) This substance is a target substance in the public announcement on guidelines in order to prevent the impairment of worker's health caused by the chemical substances decided by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare based on paragraph (3) of Article 28 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act (public announcement on guidelines to prevent the impairment of health, No. 27 on February 7, 2020). [Reference Data, etc.] (6) As for the mechanism of carcinogenesis, it is assumed that this substance is genotoxic, induces oxidative stress, alters cell proliferation, cell death or nutrient supply, but it was judged that there was no conclusive and strong evidence but only moderate evidence available in the existing findings (IARC 123 (2020)). |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H360 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 1B, since reproduction/developmental effects were observed at doses at which minor general toxicity effects were observed in dams. [Evidence Data] (1) It was reported that, in a developmental toxicity study with female rats dosed by gavage (5 to 45 mg/kg/day, days 6 to 19 of gestation), at the highest dose (45 mg/kg/day) at which reduced body weight gain and increased spleen weight were observed in dams, an increase in the number of resorbed embryos and an increase in the incidence of skeletal malformations in fetuses (angulated ribs, misshapen of the forelimbs) were observed (SIAR (2002), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), AICIS IMAP (2016)). (2) It was reported that, in a continuous breeding study with mice dosed by gavage (62.5 to 250 mg/kg/day, for 7 days prior to mating and for 98 days of continuous breeding), at the highest dose (250 mg/kg/day) at which a decrease in water consumption in F0 parental animals, and cyanosis, an increase in absolute and relative liver weight, and enlarged and darkened spleens in F1 parental animals were observed; lower conception rates on and after the second mating were observed in F0 parental animals; and a decreasing tendency in litter size, and lower body weight were observed in F1 and F2 pups (SIAR (2002), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), AICIS IMAP (2016)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) It was reported that, in a two-generation reproduction toxicity study with rats dosed by gavage (0.1 to 5 mg/kg/day, for 14 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation periods), at the highest dose (5 mg/kg/day) at which no clear general toxicity was observed in F0 parental animals, slight decreases in pregnancy rate and fertility indices of males were observed but no similar effects were reproduced in F1, and it was judged that there were no adverse effects on fertility up to 5 mg/kg/day. It was reported that, in F1 adult rats, effects on the spleen (extramedullary hematopoiesis, reticuloendothelial cells containing brown pigment) were observed but no reproductive effects were observed at or above 0.1 mg/kg/day (SIAR (2002), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), AICIS IMAP (2016)). (4) It was reported that, in a developmental toxicity study with female rabbits dosed by gavage (5 to 40 mg/kg/day, days 7 to 19 of gestation), excessive toxicity (death: 8/18 animals) developed in dams at the highest dose, and it was excluded from the assessment. It was reported that, at the medium dose (15 mg/kg/day) or below, no treatment-related effects were observed (SIAR (2002), Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), AICIS IMAP (2016)). |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (blood system) |
Danger |
H370 | P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (3), it was classified in Category 1 (blood system). Besides, the histopathological findings in organs in (4) were judged as secondary effects associated with blood system effects (hemolytic anemia) of this substance. [Evidence Data] (1) It was reported that the signs of acute intoxication observed in humans were methemoglobinemia, vomiting, and headache, and collapse in very severe cases (SIAR (2002)). (2) It was reported that the signs of acute intoxication by this substance observed in humans were subjective signs such as nausea, vomiting, and headache in addition to hemolytic anemia attributed to methemoglobin formation. In intoxication cases, headache dull, headache, anorexia, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty in breathing were observed as subjective signs, and severe cyanosis and a marked increase in methemoglobin level were observed (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008)). (3) It was reported that the signs of intoxication observed in experimental animals were cyanosis, hematuria, and respiratory disorder (Hazard Ass,essment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008)). (4) It was reported that, in an acute oral toxicity test with rats and mice, histopathological findings observed in surviving animals were congestion of the spleen, hemosiderosis in the spleen, liver, kidney, and bone marrow, and an increase in erythropoiesis in the bone marrow in rats, and enhanced extramedullary hematopoiesis and congestion of the spleen and hemosiderosis in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow in mice (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991)). |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (blood system) |
Danger |
H372 | P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Since blood system effects (hemolytic anemia) were observed in the case report in (1) and within the range for Category 1 in (2) to (7), it was classified in Category 1 (blood system). Besides, the effects on the spleen, liver, kidney, and bone marrow were considered to be secondary effects of the blood system effects and not adopted for classification. [Evidence Data] (1) There was a case report of cyanosis observed in the workers exposed to this substance by inhalation. In these workers, a decrease in blood hemoglobin levels was observed (AICIS IMAP (2016), DFG MAK (1992)). (2) It was reported that, in a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study with rats dosed by gavage, effects on the blood (an increase in methemoglobin level, decreases in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values), hemosiderosis in the liver and kidney, and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the liver were observed at or above 3 and 10 mg/kg/day (within the range for Category 1), and hyperplasia of bone marrow and testicular atrophy were observed in males at 30 mg/kg/day (within the range for Category 2) (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)) (3) It was reported that, in a 2-year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study with rats dosed by gavage, effects on the blood (slight anaemia, an increase in blood methemoglobin levels) were observed at 0.7 and 5 mg/kg/day (within the range for Category 1) (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002)). (4) It was reported that, in a 2-year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study with rats and mice dosed by feeding, effects on the blood (changes in erythrocyte parameters suggesting anemia, an increase in platelet count) and spleen effects (such as congestion, extramedullary hematopoiesis) were observed in rats at 200 ppm (10 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 1); fibrosis of the spleen, increased myelopoiesis, and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland (cortex, medulla) in females were observed in rats at 1,000 ppm (50 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 2); and lung lesions (hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar wall thickening) in addition to effects on the blood similar to those in rats were observed in mice at 500 ppm (75 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 2) (Results from Carcinogenicity Studies (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1991)). (5) It was reported that, in a repeated dose 13-week inhalation exposure test with mice (6 hours/day, 5 days/week), spleen effects (hematopoietic cell proliferation, pigmentation), an increase in liver weight and squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach (females) were observed at 12 and 24 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.057 and 0.11 mg/L, within the range for Category 2) (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)). (6) It was reported that, in a repeated dose 4-week inhalation exposure test with rats (6 hours/day, 5 days/week), effects on the blood (cyanosis, reduced RBC parameters, increase in methemoglobin levels, increased white blood cell count), spleen effects (increased weight, swelling, congestion, extramedullary hematopoiesis, hemosiderin deposit) were observed at 0.9 to 7 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.001 to 0.01 m/L, within the range for Category 1) (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)). (7) It was reported that, in a repeated dose 13-week inhalation exposure test with rats (6 hours/day, 5 days/week), an increase in methemoglobin levels was observed at or above 1.5 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.007 mg/L, within the range for Category 1) and spleen effects (swelling, increased hemopoiesis) and effects on renal proximal tubules were observed at 6 to 24 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.028 to 0.11 mg/L, within the range for Category 2) (Hazard Assessment Report (CERI, NITE, 2008), SIAR (2002), AICIS IMAP (2016)). |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | - |
- |
- | - | - |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | - |
- |
- | - | - |
| 12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | - |
- |
- | - | - |
NOTE:
|