NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	17194-00-2
Chemical Name	Barium hydroxide
Substance ID	m-nite-17194-00-2_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (GESTIS (Access on May 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (GESTIS (Access on May 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (GESTIS (Access on May 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water due to the observation result of water solubility (4.91 g/100 g (25 deg C), Lide (84th, 2003)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen, but the classification is not possible due to no data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	Based on the LD50 value of 308 mg/kg for rats (HSDB (Access on May 2016)), it was classified in Category 4.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	It is described that aqueous solution of barium hydroxide is strongly alkaline and, therefore, indicates corrosive properties (CICAD 33 (2001)). However, in the same CICAD, it is also described that barium hydroxide is irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract (CICAD 33 (2001)) and indicates irritation of the skin (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). 　From the above, it was classified in Category 2. The category was changed along with the revision of information sources.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2A	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	Based on a description that barium hydroxide is strongly alkaline in aqueous solution, and causes severe burns to the eyes (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), it was classified in Category 2A. The category was changed along with the revision of information sources.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is no information on the carcinogenicity of this substance itself. 　However, as described in the same hazard class on the GHS classification of barium (CAS RN 7440-39-3), the EPA classified barium and its compounds as Group D or NL (IRIS (1998)) and ACGIH assigned an A4 to barium and its soluble compounds (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) based on results from animal tests using barium chloride dihydrate. Therefore, this substance was also classified as "Classification not possible" based on the classifications by other organizations.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)	Danger Warning	H370 H335	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	In humans, it is reported that adverse effects of soluble barium compounds by oral intake or inhalation are gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, colic, and diarrhea), myocardial and muscular stimulation, and hypokalemia. It is reported that severe cases include general muscular paralysis, and death from respiratory arrest or ventricular fibrillation (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Additionally, it is written that accidental or intentional ingestion of soluble barium compounds at high concentrations causes gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), hypokalemia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, skeletal muscle paralysis and renal failure (CICAD 33 (2001), ATSDR (2007)). 　It is reported that barium oxide and barium hydroxide irritate the respiratory tract (CICAD 33 (2001)). 　From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), and Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There is no information on this substance. 　However, it is said that the toxicity of barium and barium compounds depends largely on the solubility, and that the toxicity is inhibitory effects on the potassium channel by the barium ions (ATSDR (2007)). Barium ions and soluble compounds of barium (notably barium chloride, barium nitrate, and barium hydroxide) are toxic to humans. Although barium carbonate is relatively insoluble in water, it is toxic to humans because it is soluble in the gastrointestinal tract. The insoluble barium compounds (notably barium sulfate) are inefficient sources of barium ions and are, thus, generally nontoxic to humans (ATSDR (2007)). Therefore, this substance is also thought to exhibit a similar target organ as soluble barium compounds do. 　It is reported that incidences of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke increased in a population of neighborhood who ingested drinking water containing water soluble barium such as barium chloride, and that an increase in mortality due to heart diseases such as vascular disorder and arteriosclerosis was observed in other similar groups (ATSDR (2007)). As for the inhalation route, increase in the incidence of elevated blood pressure is reported among workers exposed to soluble barium (mean 1.07 g/m3) caused by blending and grinding of several grades of barium at a mineral processing facility (CICAD 33 (2001)). 　As for the effects of soluble barium compounds on humans, as an acute effect, it is regarded that gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), hypopotassemia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and skeletal muscle paralysis may be caused by the intake of the high concentrations (CICAD 33 (2001)). 　Additionally, in humans there are only a few reports of renal failure and renal insufficiency occurring as acute barium poisoning. However, as for experimental animals, in 13-week or 2-year studies on barium dichloride or its dihydrate using rats or mice administered by drinking water, death cases attributed to nephropathy were observed at doses above Category 2 (converted guidance value as barium dichloride: 271-803 mg/kg/day) in both species, and it is described that the kidneys are the most sensitive target organ in the experimental animals (ATSDR (2007)). Therefore, it is thought that the kidneys are one of the target organs in humans. 　From the above, the substance was classified in Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney) since it was thought that the effects of soluble barium compounds including this substance might occur in the cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system and kidneys in high probability.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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