NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	513-79-1
Chemical Name	Cobalt(II) carbonate
Substance ID	m-nite-513-79-1_v2
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (GESTIS (Access on July 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (GESTIS (Access on July 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (GESTIS (Access on July 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	It contains a metal (Co), but it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water because the water solubility data of 1.1 g/L was obtained (GESTIS (Access on July 2016)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen) which is ionically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (Co) and does not contribute to oxidation.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	This substance was classified in Category 4, based on the report of LD50 values of 317 mg/kg (CICAD 69 (2006), ATSDR (2004)) and 640 mg/kg (HSDB (Access on July 2016)) for rats.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1A	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	According to the Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2015), cobalt and its compounds are listed in Group 1 of occupational sensitizers to the airways. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1A.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1A	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	According to the Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2015), cobalt and its compounds are listed in Group 1 of occupational sensitizers to the skin. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1A.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 2	Warning	H341	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Although there is no data of this substance itself, based on (1) to (4), it is assumed that this substance, which is insoluble in water, also releases the divalent cobalt ion and causes toxicity similar to that of water-soluble cobalt compounds. Therefore, the classification result of cobalt (II) chloride was applied and it was classified in Category 2. [Evidence Data] (1) The first step in the toxicity process of cobalt compounds is the release of cobalt ions in vivo. Water-soluble cobalt compounds release cobalt ions into biological fluids outside the cell, and the ions enter the cell through ion channels within the cell membrane. In contrast, poorly soluble cobalt compounds are taken up by organelles (lysosomes) in the cell via a process called endocytosis; cobalt is then solubilized in the acidic environment in the organelles, and the ions are released inside the cell. Evidence for cellular uptake of the different forms of cobalt compounds is provided by in vitro study results (NTP RoC 14th (2016), AICIS IMAP (2014), ECHA RAC & SEAC Final Opinion (Background Doc.) (2020)). (2) Based on (1), this substance (insoluble cobalt compound) and other four cobalt compounds (water-soluble compounds) are considered to have similar bioavailability. Assuming that all the cobalt compounds are soluble in biological fluids after inhalation or oral exposure and release the divalent cobalt ion at similar rates, data obtained from one cobalt compound can be read across to other cobalt compounds of which data are not available. That is, it is considered that the data can be mutually applicable among the cobalt compounds that can release the divalent cobalt ion (ECHA RAC & SEAC Final Opinion (Background Doc.) (2020), AICIS IMAP (2014)). (3) Cobalt (II) chloride (CAS RN 7646-79-9) was classified in Category 2 for this hazard class (GHS Classification Result in FY2015). (4) In the EU classification, this substance was classified as Muta. 2 (REACH registration dossier (Accessed Oct. 2021)).	FY2021	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2019 revised edition (Ver. 2.0))
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2	Warning	H351	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	There are no test results for this substance itself. Cobalt and cobalt compounds are classified in Group 2B by IARC (IARC 52 (1991)), A3 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Group 2B by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits, 2015) and R by NTP (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 2. Moreover, the EU classified this substance as Carc. 1B and designated this substance as SVHC (ECHA (2011)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Although there is no information on the reproductive effects of this substance itself, it is considered that the information regarding inorganic cobalt compounds were considered available for the classification. In a test in which cobalt chloride hexahydrate was fed to male rats (265 ppm: 20 mg Co/kg/day), moderate to severe congestion appeared in the testes after administration for 35 days; and significant effects on the spermatogonial cells, spermatocytes and sperm cells were observed in addition to degenerative or necrotic changes in the germinal epithelium of the testes and Sertoli cells after administration for 70 days (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). In a test where male mice given cobalt(II) chloride in drinking water 12 weeks were mated with unexposed females, decreases were observed in the epididymal sperm count and in the survival of newborn pups at doses of 200 mg/L or higher. At doses of 400 mg/L or higher, the number of pregnant animals was reduced (declining fertility of males), testis weights decreased, and testicular sperm counts and daily sperm production decreased. Also, in a tissue observation of the testes, hypertrophy of the interstitial Leydig cells, congested blood vessels, degeneration of the spermatogonial cells, necrosis of the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue etc. were observed at doses of 400 mg/L or higher (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment) (2013), CICAD 69 (2006)). In another study in which pregnant rats were administered cobalt sulfate by gavage (gestation day 1 to 21), from the 50 mg/kg/day dose level, which is lower than the level of maternal toxicity expression (at 100 mg/kg/day, relative weight decrease of the liver, adrenal glands or spleen were observed), fetuses were reported to have malformations (malformations of the cranium, spinal column, renal pelvis, renal tubules, ovaries, and testis). It was also reported that in orally administered pregnant mice (gestation days 6 to 15), at 50 mg/kg/day, malformations of eyelids, kidneys, cranium, and spine occurred in fetuses (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment) (2013)). 　From the above, for inorganic cobalt compounds, harmful effects on the male genetic organs and consequent reduction in fertility by the oral route, and teratogenicity observed at dose levels without the maternal toxicity were reported. This substance is also an inorganic cobalt compound, and it is considered that similar reproductive and developmental toxicities are likely to occur. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1B. Moreover, EU had classified this substance in Repr. 1B along with other soluble cobalt compounds such as cobalt sulfate and cobalt dichloride, and designated this substance as SVHC (ECHA (2011)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 3 (Respiratory tract irritation)	Warning	H335	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501	There is no data on single exposure tests in humans or experimental animals for this substance. As for metallic cobalt (CAS RN 7440-48-4), it is reported that it shows respiratory tract irritation in humans (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1992), IARC 86 (2006), PATTY (6th, 2012)). The solubility of this substance in water is as low as 1.8g/L (CICAD 69 (2006)), so this substance will possibly show the same effects as insoluble metallic cobalt. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, blood system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	It is described that the solubility of this substance in water is 0.18 g/100 g water (CICAD 69 (2006)). 　There is no available toxicity information with obvious exposure to this substance itself, in humans or in experimental animals. 　There is information below regarding the health effects of cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans. This may be applied to the hazard assessment of this substance. There is a report on diamond polishers exposed to airborne cobalt. Their chief complaints were symptoms in their respiratory organs, such as coughs; and adverse effects on lung function (significant decreases in the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF)) were reported as the cases (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). As for workers in cobalt refineries, it was reported that skin lesions (eczema, erythema), respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, wheezing, chronic bronchitis), decreased pulmonary function, anemia (decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit value), and effects on thyroid function (slightly low T3 values) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Among the symptoms listed above, skin lesions were thought to be due to skin sensitivities, and the effects on the thyroid were only slightly low T3 values. These were therefore deemed to be non-target findings of specific target organs. 　From the above, it is considered appropriate to apply the effects of repeated exposure to cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans as those of repeated exposure to cobalt(II) carbonate. 　Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, haemal system).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Not classified	- -	-	-	From 96-hour LC50 > 1000 mg/L for fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) (CICADs 69, 2006), it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Because it is not poorly water soluble (water solubility = 1000000 mg/L, PHYSPROP Database 2009), and is classified as "Not classified" for acute toxicity, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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