Item | Information |
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CAS RN | 71-48-7 |
Chemical Name | Cobalt(II) acetate |
Substance ID | m-nite-71-48-7_v1 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
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Guidance used for the classification (External link) | To Guidance List |
UN GHS document (External link) | To UN GHS document |
FAQ(GHS classification results by the Japanese Government) | To FAQ |
List of Information Sources (Excel file) | List of Information Sources |
List of Definitions/Abbreviations | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Sample Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | To OECD/eChemPortal (External link) |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
7 | Flammable solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is not combustible (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It contains a metal (Co), but it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water because the measured water solubility data of 348 g/L was obtained (Sigma-Aldrich (2015)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is ionically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (Co) and does not contribute to oxidation. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
17 | Desensitized explosives | - |
- |
- | - | - | - | - |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
Warning |
H302 | P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501 |
This substance was classified in Category 4, based on two reports of LD50 values (OECD TG 401) of 503 mg/kg and 819 mg/kg (SIAP (2014), HSDB (Access on July 2016)) for rats. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, it is reported that, in a skin irritation test (OECD TG404) using rabbits, this substance was not irritating (SIAP (2014)). In addition, although it is reported that the tetrahydrate of this substance was irritating in humans, this data was not adopted as the evidence for classification since the original literature was unknown (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H319 | P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280 |
In an eye irritation test using rabbits (OECD TG 405), although it is unknown whether this substance or the tetrahydrate of this substance was used, reversible eye irritation changes were observed (SIAP (2014)). Based on this data, this substance was classified in Category 2. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Category 1A |
Danger |
H334 | P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501 |
According to Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2015), cobalt and its compounds are listed in Group 1 of occupational sensitizers to the airway. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1A. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
4 | Skin sensitization | Category 1A |
Warning |
H317 | P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501 |
Since cobalt dichloride and cobalt sulfate were positive in a skin sensitization test (maximization test) using guinea pigs and cobalt dichloride was a skin sensitizer in humans, cobalt diacetate is considered to be a skin sensitizer as well (SIAP (2014)). On the other hand, although many cases of contact dermatitis caused by cobalt in humans are reported, it is indicated that cobalt metal may be a more potent allergen than some cobalt salts because repeated exposure to aqueous cobalt salts in patients who are allergic to cobalt did not result in eczema (ATSDR (2004)). Although conflicting results have been reported, cobalt and its compounds are listed in Group 1 of occupational sensitizers to the skin in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits of Japan Society of Occupational Health (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2015). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1A. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | There is no data available for this substance itself. As for in vivo tests, it was reported that the results were positive in micronucleus tests and chromosomal aberration tests using mouse bone marrow cells for cobalt dichloride, a soluble cobalt(II) compound (ATSDR (2004), CICAD 69 (2009), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of Environment, 2013)), but these data are not fully reliable or valid. It is reported that significant increases in micronuclei or DNA damage in peripheral blood were not detected in exposure to workers (SIAP (2014)). As for in vitro tests, both positive and negative results were reported for bacterial reverse mutation tests, and in cultured mammalian cell systems, a micronucleus test, a chromosomal aberration test, and a gene mutation test were positive (ATSDR (2004), CICAD 69 (2009), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), IARC 52 (1991)). However, in an in vitro micronucleus test performed using mouse bone marrow cells isolated from the in vivo micronucleus test described above, the result was negative regardless of the presence or absence of S9. In SIAP (2014), it was described that soluble cobalt does not show mutagenicity (mutation) to bacteria and cells, but does show chromosomal damages in vitro, and that this is presumed to be due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to the weight of evidence, based on negative findings in in vivo chromosomal damage tests and negative findings in human occupational exposure, it is said that protective processes are effective in vivo. From the above, because soluble cobalt compounds have no in vivo effect, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible." |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H351 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
There are no test results for this substance itself. Cobalt and cobalt compounds are classified in Group 2B by IARC (IARC 52 (1991)), A3 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001), Group 2B by Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits, 2015), and R by NTP (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 2. Moreover, EU classified this substance in Carc. 1B and designated this substance as SVHC (ECHA (2011)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Category 1B |
Danger |
H360 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
Although there is no information on the reproductive effects of this substance itself, it was considered that the information on soluble cobalt compounds was considered available for the classification. In a test in which cobalt chloride hexahydrate was fed to male rats (265 ppm: 20 mg Co/kg/day), moderate to severe congestion appeared in the testes after 35 days of administration; and significant effects on spermatogonial cells, spermatocytes and sperm cells were observed in addition to degenerative or necrotic changes in testicular germinal epithelium and Sertoli cells after administration for 70 days (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). In a test where male mice given cobalt (II) chloride in drinking water for 12 weeks were mated with unexposed females, decreases were observed in the epididymal sperm count and in the survival of newborn pups at doses of 200 mg/L or higher. At doses of 400 mg/L or higher, the number of pregnant animals was reduced (declining fertility of males), testis weights were decreased, testicular sperm counts and daily sperm production were reduced; and in a tissue observation of the testes, hypertrophy of the interstitial Leydig cells, congested blood vessels, degeneration of the spermatogonial cells, necrosis of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue etc. were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006)). In another study in which pregnant rats were administered cobalt sulfate by gavage (gestation day 1 to 21), from the 50 mg/kg/day dose level, which is lower than the level of maternal toxicity expression (at 100 mg/kg/day, relative weight decrease of the liver, adrenal gland, or spleen were observed), fetuses were reported to have malformations (malformations of the cranium, spinal column, renal pelvis, renal tubule, ovary, and testis). It was also reported that in orally administered pregnant mice (gestation days 6 to 15), at 50 mg/kg/day, malformations of eyelids, kidneys, cranium, and spine occurred in fetuses (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). From the above, for soluble cobalt compounds, harmful effects on male genetic organs and consequent reduction in fertility by the oral route, and teratogenicity observed at dose levels without the maternal toxicity were reported. This substance is also a soluble cobalt compound, and it is considered that similar reproductive and developmental toxicity is likely to occur. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1B. Moreover, EU had classified this substance in Repr. 1B along with other cobalt compounds such as cobalt sulfate and cobalt dichloride, and designated this substance as SVHC (ECHA (2011)). |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 2 (central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) |
Warning |
H371 H335 |
P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
In the cases of acute exposure in humans, there are two reports that shortly after inhalation of powdered this substance, vomiting, severe pain and tenderness in the epigastrium, and pain in the limbs and marked weakness occurred, and on the third day some hematemesis and occult blood in stools occurred (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). Since these two reports are very similar in the conditions of exposure and the course of the symptoms, there is a possibility of these two cases being the same. As for experimental animals, although there is no description of the doses amount, following single administration to rats by gavage, acute effects included sedation, diarrhea, and decreased body temperature (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). It is described as common results for four soluble cobalt salts (cobalt sulfate (II), cobalt nitrate (II), cobalt chloride (II), cobalt acetate (II)), including this substance, in rat acute oral administration tests, sedation and diarrhoea, tremors and convulsions prior to death, decrease in body temperature, increased heart rate, and piloerection at the highest dose (dose equivalent to Category 2), but no macroscopic alterations were observed in the most significant organs and most effects disappeared after 72 hours (SIAP (2014)). Furthermore, in a single oral dose test of cobalt (II) dichloride (CAS RN 7646-79-9), decreased spontaneous activity, depression of muscle tone, depression of respiration rate, effects on the gastrointestinal tract were reported at doses equivalent to Category 1 (ATSDR (2004)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract) in GHS Classification (FY 2015). Together with the above information, it is considered that this substance has effects on the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Since the symptoms described in SIAP including the data of this substance were seen at the dose equivalent to Category 2, it was classified in Category 2 (central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract). Moreover, there is also a description that this substance showed airway irritation (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 2 (central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract) and Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, thyroid, blood system), Category 2 (reproductive organs (male)) |
Danger Warning |
H372 H373 |
P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
It is described that this substance is soluble in water (CICAD 69 (2006)), and readily soluble in water (HSDB (Access on July 2016)). No data regarding humans or experimental animals are available for this substance. As a piece of information for soluble cobalt compounds, in humans, it was reported that as disorders in overdose of cobalt chloride or cobalt sulfate used for the treatment of anemia, effects on the nervous system (anorexia, nausea, tinnitus, hearing loss, neuropathy) and thyroid (goiter and inhibition of thyroid gland iodine uptake) were observed and as a result of oral administration of cobalt chloride to volunteers, it was reported that erythroid haematopoiesis was enhanced and there were many complaints of headaches and abdominal discomfort as subjective symptoms (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006)). Also, cobalt sulfate had been added for the purpose of stabilizing the foam on beer, deaths due to cardiomyopathy were reported among heavy beer drinkers and myocardial damage action of cobalt was a concern (CICAD 69 (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). By limiting the addition of cobalt, it is said that the occurrence of cardiomyopathy and resulting deaths had disappeared (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)). From the above, the nervous system, cardiovascular system, thyroid, haemal system could be cited as target organs for repeated exposures to soluble cobalt compounds, including this substance, in humans. As for experimental animals, in tests using rats given cobalt dichloride by gavage for 7 months, increase in red blood cell numbers and hemoglobin levels were observed at doses of 0.5 mg Co/kg/day or more (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), ATSDR (2004)). Blood effects were also observed in tests in which cobalt chloride hexahydrate was orally administered to rats for 8 weeks (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), ATSDR (2004)). In addition, in inhalation exposure tests on cobalt sulfate heptahydrate using rats or mice for 13 weeks or 2 years, inflammatory tissue changes were observed in the respiratory organs from low concentration of 0.3 mg/m3 (0.11 mg/m3 as cobalt) in both rats and mice, and additionally, effects on the blood (polycythemia, platelet count reduction, increased reticulocyte counts) were observed in the 13-week exposure using rats (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006)). Furthermore, it was reported that in a test in which male mice were given by drinking water 200 to 800 ppm of cobalt dichloride for 12 weeks, decrease in the weight of testes, decrease in epididymal sperm count, reduced daily sperm production and necrosis of the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue were observed at doses of 400 to 800 ppm (47 to 93 mg/kg/day, 21 to 42 mg/kg/day as cobalt) (converted guidance value: 19.6 to 39.2 mg/kg/day) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment) (2013), CICAD 69 (2006)). From the above, it was considered that the target organs of soluble cobalt compounds were the respiratory organs, haemal system and testes, and the effects on testes and that on others correspond to Category 2 and category 1, respectively. The effects on testes and that on others correspond to Category 2 and category 1, respectively. Therefore, based on information regarding the effects of repeated exposure to soluble cobalt compounds in humans and experimental animals, this substance was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, thyroid, haemal system), and Category 2 (genetic organs (men)). |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
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