Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 7440-39-3 |
Chemical Name | Barium |
Substance ID | m-nite-7440-39-3_v1 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | To Guidance List |
UN GHS document (External link) | To UN GHS document |
FAQ(GHS classification results by the Japanese Government) | To FAQ |
List of Information Sources (Excel file) | List of Information Sources |
List of Definitions/Abbreviations | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Sample Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | To OECD/eChemPortal (External link) |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
7 | Flammable solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. Besides, it is written that powder is combustible (HSDB (Access on May 2016)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. Besides, it is written that powder may ignite spontaneously in contact with air (ICSC(J) (1999)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Category 2 |
Danger |
H261 | P302+P335+P334 P231+P232 P370+P378 P402+P404 P223 P280 P501 |
It is written that it reacts with water and produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen) (ICSC (J) (1999)). Moreover, because it is classified in Division 4.3, PG II (UN 1400) in UNRTDG, it was classified in Category 2. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Due to a strong reducing agent (ICSC(J) (1999)), it was classified as "Not classified." | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Barium is an element and inorganic substance not containing oxygen or halogen. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
17 | Desensitized explosives | - |
- |
- | - | - | - | - |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is information that the LD50 of barium chloride is 132 mg/kg (Evaluation of effect for the food safety Risk Assessment Report (Beverages) (Draft, Food Safety Commission, 2011)). | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition) | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H315 | P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321 |
Based on the description of irritation of the skin in EHC 107 (1990), it was classified in Category 2. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2A |
Warning |
H319 | P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280 |
Based on the description of severe irritation of the eyes in EHC 107 (1990), it was classified in Category 2A. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Since, in carcinogenicity studies using rats or mice administered orally (drinking water) for two years with barium chloride dihydrate, no increase in incidences of neoplasms in any organ were observed (NTP TR432 (1994), CICAD 33 (2001), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), EPA classified barium and its compounds as Group D in the 1986 criteria, and as NL in the 1996 criteria (IRIS (1998)). Similarly, ACGIH also classified barium and its soluble compounds as A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Therefore, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible" according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is described that in reproductive studies on male and female rats or mice administered orally (drinking water) with barium chloride dihydrate for 60 days before mating, no clear effects on reproduction and development were observed at up to the dose corresponding to 200 mg/kg/day (CICAD 33 (2001), ATSDR (2007), PATTY (6th, 2012)), however, the interpretation of the result was difficult because the pregnancy rate was low in all of the administration groups including the control group (CICAD 33 (2001)). No other data are available for classification of the reproductive and developmental effects for barium and barium compounds. Therefore, the classification was not possible due to lack of data. |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, muscular system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation) |
Danger Warning |
H370 H335 |
P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
In humans, as adverse effects of soluble barium compounds by the oral route or inhalation route, gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, colic, and diarrhea), myocardial and muscular stimulation, and hypokalemia are reported. It is also reported that in the severe cases, muscular paralysis of the whole body occurs, and that there are some cases resulting in death due to asphyxia or ventricular fibrillation (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Additionally, it is written that accidental or intentional ingestion of soluble barium compounds at high concentration causes gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), hypokalemia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and skeletal muscle paralysis (CICAD 33 (2001)). Because barium reacts with water to form hydrogen and barium hydroxide, barium is thought to have similar effects to soluble barium compounds. From the above, the substance was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, muscular system). In addition, based on a report that it caused respiratory tract irritation (HDSB (Access on May 2016)), the substance was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney) |
Danger |
H372 | P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
There is no information on this substance. However, it is said that the toxicities of barium and barium compounds depend largely on solubility, and that their toxicity is inhibitory effects on the potassium channel by the barium ions (ATSDR (2007)). Barium ions and soluble compounds of barium (notably barium chloride, barium nitrate, barium hydroxide) are toxic to humans. Although barium carbonate is relatively insoluble in water, it is toxic to humans because it is soluble in the gastrointestinal tract. The insoluble barium compounds (notably barium sulfate) are inefficient sources of barium ions and are therefore generally nontoxic to humans (ATSDR (2007)). Therefore, this substance is thought to exhibit a similar target organ as soluble barium compounds do. It is reported that incidences of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke increased in a population of neighborhood who ingested drinking water containing water soluble barium such as barium chloride, and that an increase in mortality due to heart diseases such as vascular disorder and arteriosclerosis was observed in other similar groups (ATSDR (2007)). For the inhalation route, increase in the incidence of elevated blood pressure is reported among workers exposed to soluble barium (mean 1.07 g/m3) caused by blending and grinding of several grades of barium at a mineral processing facility (CICAD 33 (2001)). Regarding effects of soluble barium compounds on humans, as an acute effect, it is regarded that gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain), hypopotassemia, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and skeletal muscle paralysis may be caused by intake at high concentrations (CICAD 33 (2001)) Additionally, there are only several reported cases that renal failure and renal insufficiency occurred as acute barium poisoning. However, as for experimental animals, in 13-week or 2-year studies on barium dichloride or its dihydrate using rats or mice administered by drinking water, death cases attributed to nephropathy were observed at doses above Category 2 (converted guidance value as barium dichloride: 271-803 mg/kg/day) in both species. It is also described that the kidneys are the most sensitive target organ in the experimental animals (ATSDR (2007)). Therefore, it is thought that the kidneys are one of the target organs also in humans. From the above, the substance was classified in Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney) since it was thought that effects of soluble barium compounds including this substance might occur in the cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system and kidneys in high probability. |
FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The classification is not possible because appropriate data are not obtained. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The classification is not possible because appropriate data are not obtained. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2016 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
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