NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7446-14-2
Chemical Name	Lead sulfate
Substance ID	m-nite-7446-14-2_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not an aerosol product.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is non-flammable (Hommel (1996)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is non-flammable (Hommel (1996)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is non-flammable (Hommel (1996)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	It contains a metal (Pb), but it is conceivable that it does not react vigorously with water from data on the water solubility of 0.0044 g/100g water (CRC (91st, 2010)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	An inorganic compound contains oxygen which is chemically bonded to elements other than carbon or hydrogen, but the classification is not possible due to no data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No established test method suitable for solid substances. Besides, most metals which this substance is corrosive to are not suitable for a container (Hommel (1996)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data. There is no data on this substance but refer to health hazards of other inorganic lead compounds.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	"Solids" according to GHS definition.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data. Besides, as effects on humans, DFG says that there are no available data on the local effects of lead or inorganic lead compounds on skins and mucous membranes (DFGMAK-Doc. 17 (2002)), but HSDB says that it can cause severe irritation and burns to skins (HSDB (2010)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data. Besides, as effects on humans, DFG says that there are no available data on the local effects of lead or inorganic lead compounds on mucous membranes (DFGMAK-Doc. 17 (2002)), but HSDB says that it can cause severe irritation and burns to eyes (HSDB (2010)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	The classification is not possible due to no in vivo test data. Besides, an Ames test reported a negative as an in vitro test (Mutagenicity test data, Industrial Safety and Health Law (1996)). Furthermore, in a chromosomal analysis using the peripheral blood of workers with occupational exposures to lead, some positive results were reported, but the consistent data were not always obtained. But, DFG reported that the genotoxic potential of lead in man could not be evaluated conclusively as a whole because the methods used in most of the studies were inadequate. (DFGMAK-Doc. 17 (2002)) Inorganic lead compounds are classified in 3A in germ cell mutagenicity in MAK/BAT (2010).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	It was classified in Category 1B because it is classified in Group 2A as an inorganic lead compound in an IARC carcinogenicity evaluation (IARC 87 (2006)). Besides, it is classified in 2B as a lead compound in Japan Society for Occupational Health (The Recommendation of Acceptable Concentration of the Japan Society for Occupational Health (2011)) and is classified in A3 as an inorganic lead compound in ACGIH (ACGIH (2001)).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1A	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	There are no data on this substance. But as effects of inorganic lead compounds on humans, case studies and epidemiology studies reported that increased risk for spontaneous abortion by maternal exposure to high concentrations before the 20th week of gestation was observed, and prenatal exposure was associated with an increased risk of malformation, low birth weight, and reduced postnatal growth rate. (IARC 87 (2006)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1A. But toxicity to sperm was reported to be unclear because a dose-response relationship between the level of lead exposures and effects observed in occupational exposure such as reduced sperm counts and sperm volume, reduced sperm motility and morphological changes in the sperms cannot be derived from the results of most of the studies. (DFGMAK-Doc. 17 (2002))	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (kidney, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, blood system)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	There are no data on this substance. Because neurotoxic effects of lead were well recognized, both the peripheral and central nervous system are targets for the lead, lead encephalopathy is one of the early symptoms of acute lead poisoning, and wrist drop and slowing nerve conduction velocities in occupational exposures were reported. (IARC 87 (2006)), it was classified in Category 1 (nervous system). From the information that acute exposure to high concentrations of lead and inorganic lead compounds results in dysfunction of the proximal tubule and renal manifestations of acute lead poisoning includes the Fanconi syndrome (glycosuria, aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, and so on) (IARC 87 (2006)), it was classified in Category 1 (kidney). Furthermore, from the information that lead, which is known to alter the hematological system, inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid and heme synthesis and consequently causes inhibition of heme synthesis and shortening of the erythrocyte lifespan which results in microcytic and hypochromic anemia (ATSDR (2007)), it was classified in Category 1 (blood system). And from the information that colic which is a consistent early symptom of lead poisoning in occlupationally exposed cases or in individuals acutely exposed to high levels of lead is accompanied by symptoms such as constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and body weight loss (ATSDR (2007)), it was classified in Category 1 (digestive system).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (kidney, blood system, cardiovascular system, nervous system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There are no data on this substance. From the information that repeated exposure to high concentration of lead and inorganic lead compounds causes irreversible changes in the kidney including tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerular sclerosis, and ultimately chronic renal failure (IARC 87 (2006)), it was classified in Category 1 (kidney). Besides, form the report of an epidemiological study in patients with lead poisoning in which hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly decreased in the patients compared to unexposed control subjects (ATSDR (2007)), and the information that lead inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid and heme synthesis and consequently causes inhibition of heme synthesis and shortening of the erythrocyte lifespan which results in microcytic and hypochromic anemia (ATSDR (2007)), it was classified in Category 1 (blood system). On the other hand, a study which supported a relationship between chronic lead poisoning and myocardial damage reported electrocardiographic abnormality in workers with lead poisoning (ACGIH (2001)), and analyses of epidemiological data led to a conclusion that lead absorption causes a statistically significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (ACGIH (2001)), therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (cardiovascular system). Furthermore, from decreased motor nerve conduction velocities observed in workers with high blood lead concentrations (ACGIH (2001)), and a report of parkinsonian syndromes observed in 7 out of 9 workers exposed to lead batteries over 30 years (NICNAS (2007)), it was classified in Category 1 (nervous system).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 48-hour IC50 = 0.5 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (AQUIRE, 2012).	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Because the behavior in water is unknown due to a metal compound and it was classified in Category 1 in the acute toxicity, it was classified in Category 1.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2011	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （July, 2010）

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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