Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)
GENERAL INFORMATION
REFERENCE INFORMATION
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
NOTE:
GENERAL INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| CAS RN | 75-52-5 |
| Chemical Name | Nitromethane |
| Substance ID | m-nite-75-52-5_v1 |
| Download of Excel format | Excel file |
REFERENCE INFORMATION
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Guidance used for the classification (External link) | To Guidance List |
| UN GHS document (External link) | To UN GHS document |
| FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government） | To FAQ |
| List of Information Sources (Excel file) | List of Information Sources |
| List of Definitions/Abbreviations | Definitions/Abbreviations |
| Sample Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| Sample SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
| OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | To OECD/eChemPortal (External link) |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Explosives | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (nitro group) in the molecule, and the calculated oxygen balance of 39.3 is above the criteria, -200. However, because it is classified in Class 3, PGII in UNRTDG (UN 1261), it does not correspond to explosives, hazard class with the highest precedence. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 6 | Flammable liquids | Category 3 |
 Warning |
H226 | P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501 |
Based on a flash point of 35 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (J) (1997)), it was classified in Category 3. Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PGII in UNRTDG (UN 1261). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 7 | Flammable solids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Type G |
- |
- | - | Although there is a chemical group associated with explosive properties (nitro group) in the molecule, it is classified in Class 3, PGII in UNRTDG (UN 1261), thus, it is estimated that it does not correspond to self-reactive substances and mixtures, hazard class with the highest precedence. However, it is not permitted for transport in containers with a capacity of 450 L or more due to the risk of explosion when transported in large volumes (UNRTDG special provision 26). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 415 deg C (GESTIS (Access on June 2017)). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 13 | Oxidizing liquids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It is an organic compound which does not contain fluorine or chlorine but contains oxygen, and the oxygen is chemically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen. However, the classification is not possible due to no data. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 14 | Oxidizing solids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 17 | Desensitized explosives | - |
- |
- | - | - | - | - |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
 Warning |
H302 | P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501 |
Based on reports of LD50 values of 940 mg/kg (NTP TR461 (1997)) and 1,210 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), NTP TR461 (1997)) for rats, it was classified in Category 4. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Since a description of mild irritation of the skin in humans (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)), and it is reported that no irritation was seen in skin irritation tests with monkeys and rabbits (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), NTP TR461 (1997)), it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 3 in the UN GHS classification). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H319 | P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280 |
Based on a description that this substance is irritating to the eye, or causes redness in entering the eye (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015)), it was classified in Category 2. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a case report that four coworkers handling a solvent containing this substance developed allergic contact dermatitis, but this resolved by avoidance of the substance after confirmation by a patch test (HSDB (Access on June 2017)). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese Government. As for in vivo, it was negative in micronucleus tests with mouse bone marrow cells and peripheral blood (IARC 77 (2000), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015)). As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests, and in a micronucleus test, a chromosomal aberration test and a sister chromatid exchange test with mammalian cultured cells (IARC 77 (2000), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015), PATTY (6th, 2012)). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
 Warning |
H351 | P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
In carcinogenicity studies with rats and mice exposed by inhalation for 2 years, in the rats, no increase in neoplastic lesions was observed in the males, however, in females, an increased incidence of mammary-gland fibroadenoma and an increased incidence of mammary-gland fibroadenoma, adenoma, or carcinoma (combined) at or above 188 ppm, and an increased incidence of mammary-gland carcinoma at 375 ppm were observed (NTP TR461 (1997)). In the mice, in both sexes, increases in each incidence of adenoma and cancer of the Harderian gland, and the combined incidence of these at 375 ppm or above, and an increased incidence of hepatocellular adenoma and an increased incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were observed at the 188 ppm and 750 ppm in females. In addition, as tumors related to the administration of this substance, bronchiolo-alveolar tumors (an increase in incidence of adenoma and cancer alone or combined incidence of them) were observed at or above 375 ppm in both sexes (NTP TR461 (1997)). As for classifications by other organizations, IARC classified it in Group 2B (IARC 77 (2000)), ACGIH in A3 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), NTP as R (NTP RoC (14th, 2016)), and Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) in Group 2B (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2016); proposal in 2001), respectively. From the above, it was classified in Category 2. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there are reports that significant decreases in the active sperm rate in male rats and mice and significantly delayed estrous cycles in female mice were observed in 13-week repeated tests with rats or mice exposed by inhalation (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (liver), Category 2 (central nervous system), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects) |
Danger Warning |
H370 H371 H335 H336 |
P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
There is a report that in a single oral dose test with rabbits, at the dose of 750 mg/kg, which corresponds to Category 2, weakness, prostration, restlessness, and incoordination followed by complete ataxia were shown, and liver damage (edema, cloudy swelling, and necrosis) were observed in all of death cases (NTP TR461 (1997)). Meanwhile, in single inhalation exposure tests with rabbits and guinea pigs, restlessness, slight irritation of the respiratory tract, salivation, deterioration of general condition, and signs of narcotic effects were observed. With the increasing exposure time, weakness, ataxia, and reduced coordination were observed, and often circular movement, convulsions, and twitching were shown. As a result of necropsy, liver edema and necrosis were observed in all animals, and congestion of the organs in the whole body and brain, and acute pulmonary congestion with edema were observed in the animals that died. The symptoms in these tests were observed at 30,000 ppm for 30 minutes to 1 hour (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 10,606-15,000 ppm) or 10,000 ppm for 5 hours (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 11,180 ppm), and these doses correspond to Category 2 in the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese Government (NTP TR461 (1997), PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, (2001))). From these results in experimental animals, it is described that the main symptoms of inhalation exposure to this substance are central nervous system depression and slight irritation of the respiratory tract (ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). Moreover, there is a report that in a single oral dose test with dogs, in the group that was given the non-lethal dose of 125 mg/kg (corresponding to Category 1), changes were observed such as mild fatty change of the hepatic parenchyma and a few lymphocytes detected in the portal areas, in addition, regeneration of hepatic cells was observed within 48 hours, and in the groups treated with lethal doses of 200 mg/kg or above, edema, focal necrosis, and megakaryocyte in the liver were observed at necropsy of the animals that died (NTP TR461 (1997)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (liver), Category 2 (central nervous system), and Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects). With regard to the liver, necropsy findings in the dead animals were not adopted as evidence for the classification, but the effects were observed in the dogs at a non-lethal dose within the range of Category 1, therefore, it was classified in Category 1. The kidney was also adopted as the target organ in the previous classification, but since the effects in the dogs which were adopted as evidence were necropsy findings in the death cases and were only observed in the group treated with the highest dose of 1,500 mg/kg, they were not adopted. Therefore, the classification result was changed. |
FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 2 (blood system, nervous system, liver) |
Danger Warning |
H372 H373 |
P260 P264 P270 P314 P501 |
In humans, there is a report of two cases who developed severe peripheral neuropathy by the use of an adhesive containing this substance. The airborne concentration of this substance was 10-20 ppm (8-hour weighted average: 12.75 ppm), and the airborne concentration of ethyl cyanoacrylate, which constituted 90-95% of the adhesive, was 0.04-0.16 ppm (8-hour weighted average: 0.09 ppm). Other than these, the adhesive contained methyl methacrylate at a concentration of 5-10% (the airborne concentration was not measured). The substance responsible for the peripheral neuropathy could not be determined, but exposure to this substance (nitromethane) was considered to be the most likely cause (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015)). As for experimental animals, in a 13-week inhalation toxicity test (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) in which rats were exposed to the vapour, an increase in methemoglobin and decreases in hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values at or above 188 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.34 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2, and hyperplasia of the bone marrow, olfactory epithelial degeneration in the nasal cavity, degeneration of the sciatic nerve, and degeneration of the lumbar spinal cord at or above 375 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.68 mg/L) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015), NTP TR461 (1997)). In a 13-week inhalation toxicity test (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) in which mice were exposed to the vapour, hyaline droplet deposition of the respiratory epithelium at or above 94 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.17 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 1, olfactory epithelial degeneration in the nasal cavity at or above 188 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.34 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2, and increased relative liver weight, reduced percentage of active sperm and delayed estrous cycles at or above 375 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.68 mg/L) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015), NTP TR461 (1997)). In addition, in a 15-week study with rats dosed by drinking water, decreased body weight gain, deaths, and enlarged hepatocytes with accentuated nuclei were observed at or above 0.1% (80 mg/kg/day) which is within the guidance value range for Category 2 (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 2 (haemal system, nervous system, liver). Besides, a reexamination of information resulted in a change in the classification result. |
FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, the kinematic viscosity was determined to be 0.54 mm2/sec (25/20 deg C) from numerical data (viscosity: 0.614 mPa*s (25 deg C), density: 1.1371 g/cm3 (20 deg C)) listed in the HSDB (Access on June 2017). | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | Classification year (FY) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | From 72-hour EC50 (rate method) >102 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), 96-hour LC50 >278 mg/L for fish (Pimephales promelas), and 48-hour EC50 >103 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (all Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015)), it was classified as "Not classified." | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (non-biodegradable, average degradation rate by BOD: 4.5% (J-CHECK, 1987)), and 72-hour NOEC (rate method) = 3.01 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified"due to being not rapidly degradable (non-biodegradable, average degradation rate by BOD: 4.5% (J-CHECK, 1987)), 48-hour EC50 (immobile) >103 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna), and 96-hour LC50 >278 mg/L for fish (Pimephales promelas) (both Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 13 (Ministry of the Environment, 2015)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified." |
FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
| 12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. | FY2017 | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
NOTE:
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