NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	7778-50-9
Chemical Name	Potassium dichromate
Substance ID	m-nite-7778-50-9_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2013)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	Because data of water solubility: 12 g/100 mL (20 deg C) (ICSC (2013)) were obtained, it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen), but the classification is not possible due to no data. Besides, it is described that it enhances combustion of other substances (ICSC (2013)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 2	Danger	H300	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	There are 6 data items for LD50 values of 17 mg/kg (female), 26 mg/kg (male) (ATSDR (2012)), 48 mg/kg (female), 74 mg/kg (male) (EU-RAR (2005)), 149 mg/kg (female) and 177 mg/kg (male) for rats (EHC 61 (1988)). Since 3 of these values each correspond to Category 2 and 3, respectively, it was classified in Category 2 to which the minimum LD50 value corresponds. Since a new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, the category was revised.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 3	Danger	H311	P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501	There are 2 data items for LD50 values of 403 mg/kg (male) (ATSDR (2012)) and 1,150 mg/kg for rabbits (EU-RAR (2005)). Since they correspond to Category 3 and Category 4, respectively, it was classified in Category 3 to which the smaller LD50 value corresponds. Since a new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, the category was revised.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Category 1	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	There are reports of 3 LC50 values (4 hours) of 0.029 mg/L (female), 0.035 mg/L (male) (ATSDR (2012)) and 0.099 mg/L for rats (EU-RAR (2005)). Since 2 of the values correspond to Category 1 and 1 value to Category 2, it was classified in Category 1 to which the larger number of values corresponds. Although the saturated vapor concentration is unknown due to no vapor pressure data, on the basis that it is described as an aerosol and that it is a solid, the reference values as the dust were used. Since a new information source (ATSDR (2012)) was added, the category was revised.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	There are reports that after application of this substance to rabbits for 4 hours, erythema and edema of Grade 3 or less were observed and the reaction was still observed even after 6 days (EU-RAR (2005)), and that irritation reactions (sores) were observed in a skin irritation test with guinea pigs (EU-RAR (2005)). In addition, there is a report that after application of a 0.5% solution of this substance to volunteers, slight irritation was observed (EU-RAR (2005)). It is described in an occupational exposure report that ulcers and scars were observed by exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, although they are not specific test reports, there are many reports that hexavalent chromium compounds including this substance were corrosive (EU-RAR (2005), DFGOT vol. 3 (1992), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989)). From the above results, it was judged in Category 1. This substance was classified in "C; R34" in EU DSD classification, and in " Skin Corr. 1B H314" in EU CLP classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	There is a report that although vesiculation was observed in a human accident case in which a crystal or a droplet of this substance entered the eye, reversibility was unknown (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, this substance was classified in Category 1 in the classification for skin corrosion/irritation. From the above results, it was judged in Category 1.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified chromium compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 2. Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than the divalent and trivalent compounds. In addition, there is a description that chromium compounds caused asthma (ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R42" in the EU DSD classification, and in "Resp. Sens. 1 H334" in the EU CLP classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	There is a report of a positive reaction after application of this substance in a patch test in humans (ATSDR (2012)). In addition, there is a report that a positive reaction was observed in a maximization test with guinea pigs (EU-RAR (2005)). Chromium compounds including this substance were classified in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 by the Japan Society for Occupational Health (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014)). Although this substance is not specified in this classification, there is a description in OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1989) that hexavalent chromium compounds are more toxic than divalent and trivalent compounds. From the above, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified in "R43" in the EU DSD classification, and in "Skin Sens. 1 H317" in the EU CLP classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	As for in vivo, it was positive or negative in dominant lethal tests with mice, positive in a chromosomal aberration test with mouse spermatocytes, and it was positive throughout in a mouse spot test, micronucleus tests with mice and hamsters, chromosomal aberration tests with mouse bone marrow cells, gene mutation tests with mouse hepatocytes and bone marrow cells, and DNA damage tests with leukocytes and in cells of the liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain of mice (ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013), IARC 49 (1990)). As for in vitro, it was positive throughout in bacterial reverse mutation tests, a gene mutation test and a chromosomal aberration test with cultured mammalian cells, and a DNA damage test with human lymphocytes (ATSDR (2012), EHC 61 (1988), IARC 49 (1990), NTP DB (Access on December 2014)). From the above findings and because this substance is water-soluble Cr (VI), it was classified in Category 1B.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Since it was classified in Group 1 (as chromium (VI)) by IARC (IARC (1990)), in A1 (as chromium VI compound) by ACGIH (ACGIH (2001)), as K (as hexavalent chromium compound) by NTP (NTP RoC (2014)), and in 1 by Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) (OEL Documentations (1989)), it was classified in Category 1A. Besides, it was classified in 2 by EU (EU (Access on Dec. 2014)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	In a teratogenicity test with pregnant mice by the oral route (drinking water), reproductive and developmental effects (increases in pre-implantation and post-implantation embryonic loss, a decrease in litter size, subdermal hemorrhages, delayed ossification, kinky tails, a decrease in crown-rump lengths and decreased fetal body weight, etc.) were observed at doses where no maternal toxicity was observed (CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR No. 53 (2005)). In addition, in reproduction/developmental toxicity tests with mice or rats which were mated after oral administration, reproductive and developmental effects (a decrease in the number of corpora lutea, increases in pre-implantation and post-implantation embryonic loss, a decrease in litter size, subdermal hemorrhages, delayed ossification, kinky tails, a decrease in crown-rump lengths and decreased fetal body weight, etc.) were seen at doses where slight effects (decreased body weight gain) were observed in the maternal animals (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014), CICAD 78 (2013), ATSDR (2012), EU-RAR (2005)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1B. Other than these, chromium and chromium compounds were classified in reproductive toxicants Group 3 (provisional) (equivalent to Category 2) in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 2014). However, the classification in Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits was not adopted since it is in a provisional period. In addition, it was classified in "Repr. 1B H360FD" in EU CLP classification, and in "Repr. Cat. 2; R60-61" in the EU DSD classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, blood system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	This substance is irritating to the respiratory tract (EU-RAR (2005), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). In humans, by the inhalation exposure, inflammation of the respiratory tract, pain in the nose and chest, cough, dyspnea, and cyanosis were reported for other hexavalent chromium compounds (EU-RAR (2005)). As for the oral route, there are many case reports such as accidental ingestion of this substance and suicide cases. Burning sensation in the gastrointestinal tract such as the mouth, throat, stomach and duodenum, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and ulceration and bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract due to corrosivity of this substance, convulsions, stupor, dilated pupils, and an enlarged brain and cerebral edema at necropsy as effects on the central nervous system, pulmonary congestion and respiratory insufficiency as effects on the respiratory organs, hypotension and decreased heart rate as effects on the cardiovascular system, inhibition of blood coagulation, increased leukocyte counts and intravascular hemolysis as effects on the hemal system, liver hypertrophy, hepatocyte necrosis and acute hepatitis as effects on the liver, and proteinuria, oliguria, hematuria, anuria, symptoms of acute renal failure with excess water, renal hypertrophy and edema, and renal tubular necrosis as effects on the kidney were reported (EU-RAR (2005), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013), DFGOT vol. 3 (1992), EHC 61 (1988)). In addition, also through the dermal route, failures of the liver and kidney were reported (EU-RAR (2005)). As for experimental animals, dyspnea at 0.029-0.045 mg/L and respiratory tract inflammation, pulmonary edema, necrosis of the trachea epithelium at 0.099 mg/L by an inhalation exposure of rats to this substance, gastrointestinal mucosa corrosion and pulmonary congestion by oral administration of 48 mg/kg to rats, and hypoactivity, lacrimation, mydriasis and diarrhea by other hexavalent chromium compounds in rats were reported (EU-RAR (2005), ATSDR (2012), CICAD 78 (2013)). Symptoms in experimental animals were observed at doses within the range of Category 1. The findings on the gastrointestinal tract were not adopted due to it being an effect of local irritation. From the above, since this substance affects the central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, and kidney, it was classified in Category 1 (central nervous system, respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, hemal system, liver, kidney).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There are descriptions that the main toxic effects developing in humans repeatedly exposed by inhalation to hexavalent water-soluble chromium via dust or an aqueous solution of sodium salts or potassium salts of chromic acid or dichromic acid including this substance were effects on the respiratory organs such as ulceration and perforations of the nasal septum, inflammation of the respiratory tract, emphysema, lung fibrosis and chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy (EU-RAR (2005), CICAD 78 (2013)). On the other hand, as for experimental animals, although it is reported that in studies in which this substance was administered by feeding to rats or mice for 9 weeks, no clear toxic effect was observed at up to 400 ppm, the highest concentration in the feed (EU-RAR (2005)). This is the result at up to the doses within the guidance value range for Category 2 (converted guidance value: equivalent to 16.6-19.4 mg/kg/day (rats), equivalent to 63.7-94.8 mg/kg/day (mice)), and the presence or absence of toxic effects at the upper limit of Category 2 is unknown. Other than these, although there is no report of results of a repeated exposure study with this substance, there are reports that in studies in which sodium dichromate dihydrate was administered by drinking water to rats or mice for 90 days, as for rats, microcytic hypochromic anaemia was observed at dose (1.7 mg Cr/kg/day: 8.57 mg equivalent to this substance/kg/day) corresponding to Category 1, as for mice, at doses (3.1-5.2 mg Cr/kg/day: 15.6-26.2 mg equivalent to this substance/kg/day) corresponding to Category 2, effects on the hemal system such as decreases in hemoglobin concentration and MCV values were observed, andin another 90-day drinking water administration study with rats, testicular toxicity (decreased weight, a decrease in or degeneration of the germ cells and degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules) were observed (CICAD 78 (2013)). However, because as in the effects by repeated exposure to hexavalent chromium in humans, the presence or absence of effects on the hemal system and testes was not confirmed (ATSDR (2012), CICAD (2013)), it was concluded that there was insufficient evidence to adopt these as target organs. From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs) based on the human findings. Besides, in the previous classification, although EHC was used as an information source and the liver was adopted as the target organ, as a result of comparing the evidence data with ATSDR (2012), it was considered as cases of acute liver damage in poisoning accidents by ingestion of large amounts of this substance with aspiration or suicide intents. In addition, from the latest evaluation reports (ATSDR (2012), CICAD (2013)), the target organs in repeated exposure to hexavalent chromium in humans appeared not yet conclusive except for the respiratory organs and skin (corrosive and sensitization).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 from 48-hour EC50 = 0.061 mg/L for crustacea (a kind of Daphnia) (EU-RAR, 2005).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Category 1	Warning	H410	P273 P391 P501	It was classified in Category 1 due to unknown environmental dynamics of the inorganic compound, and 96-hour NOEC (biomass) = 0.1 mg/L for algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) (EU-RAR, 2005).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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