NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	79-09-4
Chemical Name	Propionic acid
Substance ID	m-nite-79-09-4_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Flammable liquids	Category 3	Warning	H226	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	It was classified in Category 3 based on a flash point of 54 deg C (closed cup) (ICSC (1997)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 485 deg C (ICSC (1997)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available. Besides, it is described that it attacks many metals (ICSC (1997)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	There are 5 reports of LD50 values of 351 mg/kg (female), 426 mg/kg (male) (SIDS (2008)), 2,600 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), JECFA FAS (1973)), 3,470 mg/kg (male, female) (SIDS (2008)) and 4,300 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2001)) for rats. Since 2 cases corresponded to Category 4, and 3 cases to "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification), it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification) to which the larger number of data corresponded.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 3	Danger	H311	P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501	There are reports of an LD50 value of 500 mg/kg (male, female) for rabbits (PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001)) and an LD50 value of 1,669 mg/kg for rats (female) (SIDS (2008)). Since it corresponded to Category 3 and Category 4, respectively, it was classified in Category 3 to which the smallest LD50 value corresponded.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Although there is a report that in a test with rats exposed to the saturated vapor for 8 hours, no dead animals were observed (LC0 (8 hours) >3,850 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: >5,445 ppm)) (SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001)), it was not possible to judge which category the LC50 value corresponded to with this data alone, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." Besides, based on the description that it is a test with the saturated vapour, the reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapour without a mist. A new information source (SIDS (2008)) was added, and the category was revised.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Although there is a report of an LC50 value (1 hour) of >19.7 mg/L for rats (converted 4-hour equivalent value: > 4.9 mg/L) (SIDS (2008)), the category could not be specified, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible." Besides, since the LC50 value was higher than the saturated vapor concentration (11.7 mg/L), the reference value for a mist was applied.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	Since after application of 0.5 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance to guinea pigs, mild to moderate edema, moderate to severe erythema and necrosis were observed at 2 hours after application, and necrosis was observed after 24 and 48 hours, it is considered to be corrosive (SIDS (2008)). In addition, there is a report that necrosis was observed after non-occlusive application of 0.01 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance to rabbits for 24 hours (SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above results, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, this substance was classified as "C; R34" in the EU DSD classification, and as "Skin Corr. 1B H314" in the EU CLP classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	There are reports that severe eye damage was observed in an eye irritation test in which 0.05 mL of the undiluted liquid of this substance was applied to rabbits (SIDS (2008)), and that it was corrosive (IUCLID (2000)). Besides, this substance was classified in Category 1 for skin irritation/corrosion. From the above results, it was classified in Category 1.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, although there was 1 case report of asthmatic symptoms in humans (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), details were unknown, therefore, the data were judged to be insufficient for classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, although there is a report that no sensitization was observed in a maximization test with guinea pigs (IUCLID (2000)), details were unknown, therefore, the data were judged to be insufficient for classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	The substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in a micronucleus test with Chinese hamsters (SIDS (2008), PATTY (6th, 2012)). As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests and a sister chromatid exchange test with cultured mammalian cells (SIDS (2008), NTP DB (Access on September 2104), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Besides, IUCLID information (in vivo dominant lethal test, in vivo and in vitro chromosomal aberration tests) described in the previous classification was excluded from the classification target because the test substance was different.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There are no carcinogenicity classification results by international organizations. Although there is a description that in a test in which this substance was administered by feeding to rats, forestomach neoplasia was observed. (PATTY (6th, 2012)), the details were unknown, therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. In teratogenicity tests with rats, mice, hamsters and rabbits by the oral route (feeding) of calcium propionate, no effects on maternal survival, fetal survival and litter size were observed, and no abnormalities in the fetal skeletal system were observed either (PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2008)). From the above, although teratogenicity was not observed, there was not enough information on fertility, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 3 (Respiratory tract irritation)	Warning	H335	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501	This substance was irritating to the respiratory tract, and there is a report that cough and asthmatic response (stridor, etc.) were caused due to irritation to the respiratory mucosa by inhalation exposure in humans (SIDS (2008), ACGIH (7th, 2001), HSDB (Access on August 2014)). There were no data in experimental animals. From the above, it was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). It was described that "irritation of the respiratory system was observed in rats following inhalation exposure for 4-hour (HSDB (2000))" in the previous classification, but this information could not be confirmed.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There was no effect except that the urine showed slightly alkaline even if an adult male received the sodium salt of this substance up to 6,000 mg as a daily oral intake (JECFA FAS (1973), PATTY (6th, 2012)). As for experimental animals, in studies in which rats were fed for 3 months or dogs for about 100 days, irritative changes of the mucosa of the forestomach at 50,000 ppm in rats (about 2,500 mg/kg/day (conversion was the numerical value of ppm divided by 20)) and hyperplasia in the esophageal mucosa at 30,000 ppm in dogs (equivalent to 1,832-1,848 mg/kg/day) were observed, and no significant toxicological findings other than local effects were observed in any tests (SIDS (2008), EPA Pesticide (1990), PATTY (6th, 2012)). As in the above, based on the findings in humans and experimental animals, it corresponded to "Not classified" by the oral route, however, there was no toxicological information by the other routes, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 3	- -	H402	P273 P501	It was classified in Category 3 from 48-hour EC50 = 22.7 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (SIDS, 2008).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Classification for acute toxicity was conducted using the test results on this substance of the acid, classification is conducted using the data on the salt for chronic toxicity. Because it corresponds to "Not classified" in all tests on the calcium salt: an algae growth inhibition test (72-hour EbC > 500 mg/L for Desmodesmus subspicatus), a crustacea acute immobilization test (48-hour EC50 > 100 mg/L for Daphnia magna), and a fish acute toxicity test (96-hour LC50 > 10000 mg/L for Leuciscus idus) (SIDS, 2008), and both propionic acid (water solubility = 1000000 mg/L, PHYSPROP Database 2009) and calcium propionate (water solubility = 260 g/L, NITE 2014) are not water-insoluble, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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