NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	94-75-7
Chemical Name	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Substance ID	m-nite-94-75-7_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC(J) (2005)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC(J) (2005)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC(J) (2005)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen and chlorine which are chemically bonded only to carbon.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. Besides, there is the information that it attacks metals (ICSC (2005)).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	Based on reports of LD50 values for rats of 443 mg/kg and 699 mg/kg (JMPR (1996)), this substance was classified in Category 4. Besides, for this substance, based on expert judgment, JMPR was preferentially adopted as the information source of LD50 values.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on reports of an LD50 value for rabbits of > 2,000 mg/kg (EPA RED (2005), JMPR (1996)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." The category was revised based on the revision of the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. 　Besides, for this substance, based on expert judgment, JMPR was preferentially adopted as the information source of LD50 values.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, LC50 value (4 hours) of >1.79 mg/L is reported in DFGOT Vol.11 (1998) for rats, but a category cannot be determined based on this value. The category was revised based on the revision of the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	In primary dermal irritation tests using rabbits (4-hour application), no irritation was observed (JMPR (1996)), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Therefore, this substance was classified as "Not classified." The category was revised in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2A	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	In primary eye irritation tests using rabbits based on the Draize method, severe irritation (corneal opacity, chemosis, redness of the conjunctivae, and ocular discharge) was observed (JMPR (1996)), EPA RED (2002), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Based on the above, this substance was classified in Category 2A. The category was revised in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Not classified	- -	-	-	A dermal sensitization test by the Buehler method using guinea pigs was negative (EPA RED (2005), JMPR (1996)). Therefore, this substance was classified as "Not classified."	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	As it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese Government, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible." In in vivo tests, a mouse dominant lethal test was negative, a sister chromatid exchange test using mouse spermatogonia was positive, a micronucleus test using mouse bone marrow cells was negative, chromosome aberration tests using rat bone marrow cells were negative, chromosome aberration tests using mouse bone marrow cells were positive and negative, a sister chromatid exchange test using rat lymphocytes was negative, and a sister chromatid exchange test using mouse bone marrow cells was positive (JMPR (1996), DFGOT Vol.11 (1994), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ACGIH (7th, 2013), EHC 29 (1984), IARC 113 (in prep., Access on June 2016), PATTY (6th, 2012)). In in vitro tests, bacterial reverse mutation tests were negative; gene mutation tests in mammalian cell cultures had positive and negative findings; and chromosome aberration tests and sister chromatid exchange tests had negative or positive findings (JMPR (1996), DFGOT Vol.11 (1994), ACGIH (7th, 2013), PATTY (6th, 2012), EHC 29 (1984)). As described above, while a very small number of positive findings are found both in vivo and in vitro, most of the findings are negative. It was concluded in WHO (1996) and PATTY (6th, 2012) that this substance is not genotoxic. Therefore, this substance was judged not genotoxic in this classification as well.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2	Warning	H351	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	IARC classified this substance in Group 2B, based on inadequate evidence in humans and limited evidence in experimental animals in its latest evaluation (IARC 113 (in prep., Access on June 2016), IARC Press Release No. 236 (Access on June 2016)). While there is no change in this evaluation from the previous classification (IARC Suppl. 7 (1987)), it is stated that there is strong evidence that this substance induces oxidative stress, a mechanism that can operate in humans, and moderate evidence that this substance causes immunosuppression (IARC Press Release No. 236 (Access on June 2016)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 2. 　Additionally, as for classifications by other organizations, since 2001 ACGIH has classified the substance in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2013)), and in 1997 the EPA classified the substance in Group D (Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential (2015)); both of these classifications correspond to "Classification not possible."	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 2	Warning	H361	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	In humans, there is a case report, involving one case only, that the child of a mother who was exposed to a product containing this substance during the 6 months before conception and about the first 5 weeks of pregnancy was born with severe mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies which are not typical of genetic defects (DFGOT Vol. 11 (1998)). As for experimental animals, in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study using rats by the oral route (feeding), even at the doses (20–80 mg/kg/day) at which a focal increase in the nuclear density in renal tubules and decreased weight gain were seen in F0 and F1 parental animals, no effects were seen on fertility; however, in the F1 pups, lows in body weight, a decreased survival rate, and skeletal variations and anomalies (increases in curved ribs, rudimentary ribs, and sternebrae anomalies) were seen (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). In developmental toxicity tests in which pregnant rats or rabbits were dosed by gavage during the organogenesis period (rats: gestation days 6 to 15; rabbits: gestation days 6 to 18), in the test using rabbits no abnormalities were observed in both the dams and the fetuses; however, with the rats, skeletal variations and anomalies (increased incidences of cervical and lumbar ribs and of sternebrae defects) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006), ACGIH (7th, 2013)). 　From the above, in experimental animals, decreased survival rates and skeletal anomalies were seen among pups or fetuses at doses at which effects of toxicity were seen in parental animals. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 2 for this hazard class.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (nervous system), Category 3 (narcotic effects)	Danger Warning	H370 H336	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	In humans, there are reports of effects on the nervous system, such as coma, total loss of reflexes, loss of consciousness, and muscular hypotonia, due to oral ingestion of this substance mostly with the intention of committing suicide (ACGIH (7th, 2011, 2013), EHC 29 (1984), DFGOT Vol.4 (1992)). In addition, it has been reported that, in a study in which 11 field workers (female, 35-52 years of age) exposed to this substance were followed for two years, at the initial examination following exposure, cardiac pain, heart palpitations, dyspnea, periodic headache and vertigo, fatigue, and pain in the legs and arms were observed (ACGIH (7th, 2013), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). Furthermore, in a single oral exposure study using rats, it has been reported that incoordination, slight to moderate gait changes, and other movement difficulties attributed to myotonia were seen at a dose within the range of the guidance values for Category 1 (ACGIH (7th, 2013)). From the above, this substance was classified in Category 1 (nervous system) and Category 3 (narcotic effects).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (nervous system, blood system, liver, kidney)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	As for humans, it has been documented that a person who orally ingested this substance for three weeks at 500 mg per day showed chronic poisoning and marked miosis (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). 　As for experimental animals, in a 13-week repeated dose toxicity test using rats administered by feeding, effects on the haemal system (decreases in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, counts of erythrocytes and reticulocytes) were seen at 5mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to Category 1 (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006). In another 13-week repeated dose toxicity test using rats administered by feeding, effects on the liver (increases in liver weight and in AST, ALT, and centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy), effects on the adrenal glands (an increase in adrenal weight and hypertrophy of cells of the zona glomerulosa), and effects on the kidneys (brush border loss in proximal tubular cells) were seen at 100 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to Category 2 (JMPR (1996)). In a 2-year repeated dose toxicity test using rats administered by feeding, effects on the kidneys (an increased frequency of a brown tubular epithelial-cell pigment, pelvic microcalculi, and transitional epithelial-cell hyperplasia) were seen at 5mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to Category 1 (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006), JMPR (1996)); and in a separate 2-year repeated dose toxicity test using rats dosed by feeding, effects on the liver (increases in AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase; hepatic lesions with altered tinctorial properties of hepatocytes within the hepatic nodules were observed, but not associated with hepatocellular degeneration or necrosis), effects on the thyroid (decreased thyroxine levels and increases in thyroid weights), and effects on the kidneys (degeneration of the descending portion of the proximal convoluted tubules) were seen at 75 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to Category 2 (JMPR (1996)). In a 1-year repeated dose toxicity tests using dogs administered by feeding, effects on the kidneys (increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and an increase in pigment in the tubular epithelium of the kidneys) and effects on the liver (increased ALT and inflammation of the liver) were seen at 5 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to Category 1 (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006), JMPR (1996)). 　Elsewhere, effects have been seen in the kidneys in 13-week repeated dose toxicity tests using mice and dogs dosed by feeding. 　Among these, findings in the thyroid and adrenal glands were considered to be adaptive responses, or secondary findings, etc., and were therefore not used as rationale for classification. 　Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, haemal system, liver, kidney).	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 3	- -	H402	P273 P501	From 96-hour LC50 = 70.1 mg/L for fish (Morone saxatilis) (EHC 84, 1989), it was classified in Category 3. Besides, although it is reported that the ester form of 2,4-D is more toxic than the acid form, because the CAS number is for the acid form, the classification was conducted using the data on the acid form at the judgment of the expert.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Category 3	- -	H412	P273 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Due to being not rapidly degradable (a degradation rate by BOD: 0 % (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 2002)), and acute toxicity Category 3, it was classified in Category 3.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2016	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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