Virginiamycin : Cluster information

close this sectionCompound

Entry nameVirginiamycin
PKS TypeVirginiamycin M: PKS-NRPS hybrid
Virginiamycin M: Trans-AT
Virginiamycin S: NRPS
Starter UnitVirginiamycin M: isobutyryl-CoA
Virginiamycin S: 3-hydroxypicolinic acid
Chain LengthVirginiamycin M: 7
Sugar Unitnone
ClassificationStreptogramin
ActivityAntibacterial
CompositionVirginiamycin M: C28H35N3O7
Virginiamycin S: C43H49N7O10
Virginiamycin

close this sectionOriginal source

close this sectionPKS/NRPS Module

MVirg_00250
virA
1
2
3 glycine
4
5
Virg_00200
virF
6
Virg_00190
virG
6
7
Virg_00180
virH
8 serine
9
Virg_00170
virI
10 malonyl-CoA
not conserved HAFHS(H->G,A->P)
SVirg_00390
visB
0
Virg_00090
visE
1 L-threonine
2 L-aminobutyric acid
Virg_00080
visF
3 proline
4 phenylalanine
5 L-pipecolate
6 L-phenylglycine
KS17..390
dh613..752
KR1090..1270
MT1487..1588
ACP1691..1759
ACP1801..1871
KS1929..2306
DH2517..2687
KR3064..3249
ACP3351..3419
C3474..3750
A3918..4313
PCP4422..4480
KS4553..4878
DH5108..5258
KR5605..5783
ACP5878..5946
KS6003..6384
ACP6734..6807
ACP6835..6908
KS1..341
KR56..240
ACP342..410
KS477..842
ACP1131..1200
C12..301
C465..759
A937..1342
PCP1473..1540
PCP1565..1632
ks1905..2286
ACP2514..2583
AT4..283
A53..465
C39..338
A541..947
PCP1033..1100
C1117..1417
A1607..2008
PCP2091..2157
E2196..2663
C8..307
A491..884
PCP966..1033
C1049..1349
A1541..1931
MT2030..2129
PCP2440..2507
C2523..2823
A3015..3431
PCP3513..3580
C3597..3897
A4091..4495
PCP4579..4646
TE4668..4899

close this sectionReference

Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein (BarA) as a transcriptional regulator in Streptomyces virginiae.
Kinoshita H, Ipposhi H, Okamoto S, Nakano H, Nihira T, Yamada Y
[PMID: 9371444]J Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 6986-93
Identification and in vivo functional analysis of a virginiamycin S resistance gene (varS) from Streptomyces virginiae.
Lee CK, Kamitani Y, Nihira T, Yamada Y
[PMID: 10322037]J Bacteriol. 181 (1999) 3293-7
Identification of an AfsA homologue (BarX) from Streptomyces virginiae as a pleiotropic regulator controlling autoregulator biosynthesis, virginiamycin biosynthesis and virginiamycin M1 resistance.
Kawachi R, Akashi T, Kamitani Y, Sy A, Wangchaisoonthorn U, Nihira T, Yamada Y
[PMID: 10792718]Mol Microbiol. 36 (2000) 302-13
Identification by gene deletion analysis of a regulator, VmsR, that controls virginiamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces virginiae.
Kawachi R, Wangchaisoonthorn U, Nihira T, Yamada Y
[PMID: 11029453]J Bacteriol. 182 (2000) 6259-63
Identification of the varR gene as a transcriptional regulator of virginiamycin S resistance in Streptomyces virginiae.
Namwat W, Lee CK, Kinoshita H, Yamada Y, Nihira T
[PMID: 11222601]J Bacteriol. 183 (2001) 2025-31
Characterization of virginiamycin S biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces virginiae.
Namwat W, Kamioka Y, Kinoshita H, Yamada Y, Nihira T
[PMID: 11943483]Gene. 286 (2002) 283-90
Identification by heterologous expression and gene disruption of VisA as L-lysine 2-aminotransferase essential for virginiamycin S biosynthesis in Streptomyces virginiae.
Namwat W, Kinoshita H, Nihira T
[PMID: 12169606]J Bacteriol. 184 (2002) 4811-8
barS1, a gene for biosynthesis of a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator, a microbial signaling molecule eliciting antibiotic production in Streptomyces species.
Shikura N, Yamamura J, Nihira T
[PMID: 12193632]J Bacteriol. 184 (2002) 5151-7
Identification by gene deletion analysis of barB as a negative regulator controlling an early process of virginiamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces virginiae.
Matsuno K, Yamada Y, Lee CK, Nihira T
[PMID: 14647980]Arch Microbiol. 181 (2004) 52-9
Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.
Pulsawat N, Kitani S, Nihira T
[PMID: 17350183]Gene. 393 (2007) 31-42
Identification of the bkdAB gene cluster, a plausible source of the starter-unit for virginiamycin M production in Streptomyces virginiae.
Pulsawat N, Kitani S, Kinoshita H, Lee CK, Nihira T
[PMID: 17375285]Arch Microbiol. 187 (2007) 459-66
Identification by gene deletion analysis of barS2, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator in Streptomyces virginiae.
Lee YJ, Kitani S, Kinoshita H, Nihira T
[PMID: 18034227]Arch Microbiol. 189 (2008) 367-74
Hierarchical control of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae by three pathway-specific regulators: VmsS, VmsT and VmsR.
Pulsawat N, Kitani S, Fukushima E, Nihira T
[PMID: 19332826]Microbiology. 155 (2009) 1250-9
Null mutation analysis of an afsA-family gene, barX, that is involved in biosynthesis of the {gamma}-butyrolactone autoregulator in Streptomyces virginiae.
Lee YJ, Kitani S, Nihira T
[PMID: 19778967]Microbiology. 156 (2010) 206-10
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of the butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein (BarA) from Streptomyces virginiae.
Yoon YH, Kawai F, Sugiyama K, Park SY, Nihira T, Choi SU, Hwang YI
[PMID: 20516594]Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 66 (2010) 662-4
VisG is essential for biosynthesis of virginiamycin S, a streptogramin type B antibiotic, as a provider of the nonproteinogenic amino acid phenylglycine.
Ningsih F, Kitani S, Fukushima E, Nihira T
[PMID: 21816878]Microbiology. 157 (2011) 3213-20
Characterization of Intersubunit Communication in the Virginiamycin trans-Acyl Transferase Polyketide Synthase.
Dorival J, Annaval T, Risser F, Collin S, Roblin P, Jacob C, Gruez A, Chagot B, Weissman KJ
[PMID: 26982529]J Am Chem Soc. 138 (2016) 4155-67

close this sectionData download

Compound nameGenomic
nucleotide
sequence
Nucleotide
sequences of the
coding regions
Translation of the
coding sequences
List of genes/ORFsGBK
Virginiamycin
Genomic nucleotide sequence
116 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
31 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
21 KB
List of genes/ORFs
2 KB

 

 
GenBank format
217 KB
AB621357
Genomic nucleotide sequence
29 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
29 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
10 KB
List of genes/ORFs
1 KB

 

 

 
AB283030
Genomic nucleotide sequence
59 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
57 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
20 KB
List of genes/ORFs
3 KB

 

 

 
AB253363
Genomic nucleotide sequence
3 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
2 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
638 B
List of genes/ORFs
348 B

 

 

 
AB253364
Genomic nucleotide sequence
5 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
2 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
828 B
List of genes/ORFs
365 B

 

 

 
AB035547
Genomic nucleotide sequence
4 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
3 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
1 KB
List of genes/ORFs
522 B

 

 

 
AB035548
Genomic nucleotide sequence
2 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
2 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
735 B
List of genes/ORFs
471 B

 

 

 
AB001608
Genomic nucleotide sequence
1 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
975 B
Translation of the coding sequences
364 B
List of genes/ORFs
292 B

 

 

 
D32251
Genomic nucleotide sequence
2 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
815 B
Translation of the coding sequences
332 B
List of genes/ORFs
342 B

 

 

 
AB001609
Genomic nucleotide sequence
2 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
740 B
Translation of the coding sequences
291 B
List of genes/ORFs
275 B

 

 

 
AB019519
Genomic nucleotide sequence
2 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
2 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
595 B
List of genes/ORFs
251 B

 

 

 
AB046994
Genomic nucleotide sequence
1 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
828 B
Translation of the coding sequences
315 B
List of genes/ORFs
264 B

 

 

 
AB072568
Genomic nucleotide sequence
7 KB
Nucleotide sequences of the coding regions
5 KB
Translation of the coding sequences
2 KB
List of genes/ORFs
760 B

 

 

 

close this sectionHistory

  • 2016-12-27[Update]
  • 2016-01-27[Update]
  • 2013-05-28[Update]
  • 2013-01-16[Update]
  • 2012-10-02[Update]
  • 2012-08-03[Release]
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