Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 79-00-5 |
Chemical Name | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane |
Substance ID | H28-B-045, C-067B |
Classification year (FY) | FY2016 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | Revised |
Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1)) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. |
2 | Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
3 | Aerosols | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
6 | Flammable liquids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
7 | Flammable solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine (but not oxygen or fluorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen. |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. Besides, there is the information that it is corrosive to aluminum, iron, and zinc (HSDB (Access on June 2016)). |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
Warning |
H302 |
P301+P312
P264 P270 P330 P501 |
Based on an LD50 value of 837 mg/kg for rats (Evaluation of effect for food safety (Food Safety Commission, 2008), SIDS (2002), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (1989)), this substance was classified in Category 4. Although the LD50 value of 100 to 200 mg/kg for rats is reported (PATTY (6th, 2012)), it was not adopted since newer data the same authors, Carpenter, Smyth et al., issued in later years was 837 mg/kg, and the data of 100 to 200 mg/kg has not been quoted by international evaluation organizations. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Based on the LD50 value of 5,380 mg/kg for rabbits (SIDS (2002), ATSDR (1989)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not applicable |
- |
- | - | Liquid (GHS definition) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Category 3 |
Danger |
H331 |
P304+P340
P403+P233 P261 P271 P311 P321 P405 P501 |
Based on the LC50 value (4 hours) of 2,000 ppm for rats (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1979), BUA 152 (1994), HSDB (Access on June 2016)), this substance was classified in Category 3. Since the LC50 value is lower than 90% of the saturated vapor pressure concentration (30,355.45 ppm), a reference value in the unit of ppm was applied as vapour without mist. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Category 2 |
Warning |
H315 |
P302+P352
P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321 |
In studies using animals such as rabbits and others, irritation was observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). This substance was classified in Category 2 since skin irritation is also observed in humans (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.2 (Ministry of the Environment, 2003)). |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Category 2B |
Warning |
H320 |
P305+P351+P338
P337+P313 P264 |
In eye irritation tests using rabbits, very mild to mild irritation was observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), SIDS (2002)). This substance was classified in Category 2B since irritation is also observed in humans (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.2 (Ministry of the Environment, 2003)). |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
As for in vivo, micronucleus tests using mouse bone marrow cells were negative, DNA damage tests in mice were negative, an unscheduled DNA synthesis test using the liver of rats and mice was negative, and DNA adduct formation assays in the liver of rats and mice were positive (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), IARC 71 (1999), JECDB (Access on June 2016), SIDS (2004), ATSDR (1989)). As for in vitro, many of the bacterial reverse mutation tests were negative, micronucleus tests using mammalian cultured cells were positive, chromosomal aberration tests were positive, and sister chromatid exchange tests were positive (Hazard Assessment report (CERI, NITE, 2008), IARC 71 (1999), ATSDR (1989), ACGIH (7th, 2001), EPA IRIS Summary (1988), PATTY (6th, 12th), NTP DB (Access on June 2016)). From the above, there are positive results in mouse liver adduct formation tests for in vivo and positive results in micronucleus tests using mammalian cultured cells, chromosome aberration tests and sister chromatid exchanger tests for in vitro. However, from the weight of evidence, it was judged that the substance did not indicate meaningful mutagenicity in vivo, and was classified as "Not classified." |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Category 2 |
Warning |
H351 |
P308+P313
P201 P202 P280 P405 P501 |
There is no information on carcinogenicity for humans. As for experimental animals, among the carcinogenicity tests using rat and mice orally dosed and using rat subcutaneously given, hepatocellular neoplasms and adrenal phaeochromocytoma were observed in an oral dose test in mice, but no increase in neoplasms incidence was observed in other studies. Therefore, the IARC classified this substance in Group 3 because of the limited evidence for carcinogenicity in experimental animals (IARC 71 (1999)). On the other hand, the EPA classified it in Category C (possible human carcinogen) based on increased incidences in neoplasms of the liver and adrenal gland in the mouse study and structural similarity to 1,2-dichloroethane, a carcinogen (IRIS Summary (1987)). In addition, the ACGIH classified it in A3 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) and EU classified it in Carc. 2 (ECHA C & L Inventory (Access on June 2016)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 2 based on the classifications by other organizations. |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, in a developmental toxicity study using mice given by gavage during organogenesis period, subsequently spontaneously delivered, no effects on offspring were observed even at a dose at which death in maternal animals (3 in 30 cases) were observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 1 (liver, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects) |
Danger Warning |
H370
H335 H336 |
P308+P311
P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
It is reported that this substance is irritating to the conjunctiva, respiratory mucosa and skin, and has anesthetic effects from low concentrations in humans (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.2 (Ministry of the Environment, 2003)). As for experimental animals, it is reported that motor impairment was observed from a single oral dose of this substance in mice (ATSDR (1989)). In addition, it is reported that in rats, in a 4-hour single inhalation exposure of this substance at 250 ppm which is equivalent to Category 1, hepatic and renal necrosis was observed in surviving animals (ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (1989)), and that in mice, in a 4-hour single inhalation exposure of this substance at 418 ppm which is equivalent to Category 1, central nervous system depression was observed (SIDS (2002), ATSDR (1989)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (liver, kidney), and Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects). |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney) |
Danger |
H372 |
P260
P264 P270 P314 P501 |
As for humans, in typewriter washing work, in a man exposed to this substance for 20 hours per week for 2 years, symptoms such as severe central sleep apnea, fatigue, drowsiness, irritability, slouchy position, weakness, agitation, progressive enuresis were reported (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). Moreover, it is described that chronic gastrointestinal tract disturbances, fatty degeneration of the kidneys and lung damage were caused by prolonged exposure to the vapor of this substance (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), SIDS (2002)). As for experimental animals, in a 16-time inhalation toxicity test using rats (7 hours/day), effects on liver (mild fatty degeneration, cloudy swelling) were reported at 30 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.034 mg/L), which corresponds to Category 1 (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory organs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney). |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - |
Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, from the numerical data listed in HSDB (Access on June 2016) (viscosity: 1.69 mPa*s (25degC), density (specific gravity): 1.44 (20/4degC)), the kinematic viscosity is calculated as 1.17 mm2/sec (25/20 degC). |
Hazard class | Classification |
Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) | Category 3 |
- |
H402 |
P273
P501 |
From 48-hour EC50=18 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005); SIDS, 2002; Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)), it was classified in Category 3. |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | Although it is not rapidly degradable (a degradation rate by GC: 5% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1979)), its 72-hour NOEC (biomass) = 51.4 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (SIDS, 2002), its 21-day NOEC (reproduction) = 10 mg/L for crustacea (Artemia salina) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 2 (Ministry of the Environment, 2003)), and its 56-day NOEC (lethal, growth, malformation) = 3 mg/L for fish (Pleuronectes platessa) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005); SIDS, 2002; Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 2 (Ministry of the Environment, 2003),Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)), it was classified as "Not classified." |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. |
* A blank or "-" in a cell of classification denotes that the classification of the hazard class was not conducted. * Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement will show when hovering the mouse over a code of Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement. Hazard_statement_and/or_Precautionary_statement are also provided in the Excel file. * Classification was conducted by relevant Japanese Ministries in accordance with GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government, and is intended to provide a reference for preparing GHS labelling and SDS for users. * This is a provisional English translation of classification results and is subject to revision without notice. * The responsibility for any resulting GHS labelling and SDS referenced from this site is with users. * Codes assigned to each of the hazard statements and codes for each of the precautionary statement are based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) in United Nations. |