NITE - Chemical Management Field

GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	10326-27-9
Chemical Name	Barium chloride, dihydrate
Substance ID	R01-B-063
Classification year (FY)	FY2019
Ministry who conducted the classification	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New/Revised	Revised
Classification result in other fiscal year	FY2006
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
UN GHS document (External link)	UN GHS document
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file)	Definitions/Abbreviations
Model Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Model SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	eChemPortal

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
2	Flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
3	Aerosols	*	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
4	Oxidizing gases	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
5	Gases under pressure	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
6	Flammable liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
7	Flammable solids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (ICSC (J) (1999)).
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
9	Pyrophoric liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
10	Pyrophoric solids	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (ICSC (J) (1999)).
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" from information that it is not combustible (ICSC (J) (1999)).
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	*	- -	-	-	It was classified as "Not classified" because it is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water from water solubility data of 37.5 g/100 mL (26 deg C, ICSC (J) (1999)).
13	Oxidizing liquids	*	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
14	Oxidizing solids	*	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing halogen (chlorine) (but not oxygen). However, the classification is not possible due to no data.
15	Organic peroxides	*	- -	-	-	Inorganic compound. It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
16	Corrosive to metals	*	- -	-	-	Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.
17	Desensitized explosives	*	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified."

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(7), it was classified in Category 3. The category was changed from the previous classification by the use of new information sources. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats: 132-277 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 155-325 mg/kg) (ATSDR (2007)) (2) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats: 118 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 138 mg/kg) (EHC 107 (1990)) (3) LD50 for rats: 118 mg/kg (NTP TR432 (1994), CICAD 33 (2001), HSDB (Access on October 2019)) (4) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats : 300 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 352 mg/kg) (SIDS Dossier (2013), HSDB (Access on October 2019)) (5) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats: 269 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 316 mg/kg), 132 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 155 mg/kg) (Risk Assessment Report (Beverages) (Food Safety Commission, 2012), HSDB (Access on October 2019)) (6) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats: 150 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 176 mg/kg) (HSDB (Access on October 2019)) (7) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats: 419 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: 492 mg/kg) (HSDB (Access on October 2019))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), it was classified as "Not classified." The category was changed from the previous classification by the use of new information sources. [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 (anhydrate) for rats: > 2,000 mg/kg (a converted value equivalent to this substance: > 2,346 mg/kg) (SIDS (2013), SIDS Dossier (2013))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified (Not applicable)."
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 2. The category was changed since new data were obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) Barium chloride (CAS RN 10361-37-2), the anhydrate of this substance, is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract (HSDB (Access on October 2019), GESTIS (Access on August 2019)). (2) The classification result for this hazard class on the anhydrate of this substance was judged to be in Category 2 (FY2014 GHS Classification Result for barium chloride). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) In an in vitro skin irritation test according to the OECD draft TG (EPISKIN Standard Model), the tissue viability after a 15-minute exposure was 80%, therefore, it was judged not to meet GHS criteria (REACH registration dossier (Access on October 2019)).
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2A	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), it was classified in Category 2A. The category was changed since new data were obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) In an eye irritation test with rabbits according to OECD TG 405, the mean scores at 24/48/72 hours were 0.43 for corneal opacity, 0.20 for iris, 2.47 for conjunctival redness, 2.43 for chemosis, respectively, and they all resolved by 21 days (REACH registration dossier (Access on October 2019)). (2) Barium chloride (CAS RN 10361-37-2), the anhydrate of this substance, is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract (HSDB (Access on October 2019), GESTIS (Access on August 2019)).
4	Respiratory sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.
4	Skin sensitization	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1), it was classified as "Not classified." [Evidence Data] (1) In a local lymph node assay (LLNA) with mice according to OECD TG 429, all SI values were less than 3, and it was judged to be negative (REACH registration dossier (Access on October 2019)).
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] There are no in vivo data. Therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of data. [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vitro, there are negative reports in a bacterial reverse mutation test, a chromosomal aberration test and a sister chromatid exchange test (SCE) with cultured mammalian cells, and there is a positive report in a mouse lymphoma test (NTP DB (Access on August 2019), NTP TR432 (1994)).
6	Carcinogenicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on the classification results by other organizations in (1), it was classified as "Classification not possible" in accordance with the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. [Evidence Data] (1) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, ACGIH classified barium and soluble compounds in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)).
7	Reproductive toxicity	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Although there is data on developmental toxicity in (1), there are insufficient data on fertility and sexual function, therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data. [Evidence Data] (1) In a developmental toxicity test with female rats administered by gavage on gestational days 0-20, no developmental effects in the fetuses were observed even at the lethal dose of maternal animals (2/24 deaths at the highest dose) (REACH registration dossier (Access on October 2019)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) There are reports that no effects on fertility were observed in reproductive toxicity tests with mice and rats administered via the drinking water (SIDS (2013), ATSDR (2007), CICAD 33 (2001)). Besides, pregnancy rates in the control groups in these tests were as low as 55% in mice and 40% in rats, which were considered insufficient to assess reproductive effects. Therefore, it was not adopted as evidence of the classification.
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)	Danger Warning	H370 H335	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1)-(3), it was classified in Category 1 (nervous system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation). The classification result was changed from the previous classification by the use of new information sources. [Evidence Data] (1) In humans, there are descriptions that accidental or intentional ingestion of soluble barium compounds including this substance causes gastroentestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, etc.) and hypokalemia which can result in effects on the cardiovascular system (cardiac arrhythmias, increased or decreased blood pressure, etc.), effects on the nervous system (skeletal muscle paralysis, etc.) and the kidneys (renal failure, etc.) (ATSDR (2007), ACGIH (7th, 2001), CICAD 33 (2001)). (2) There is a case report that a 52-year-old man who ingested 13 g of barium chloride developed diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness and paralysis in the extremities, hypokalemia and acute renal failure but he recovered (NTP TR432 (1994), ATSDR (2007), HSDB (Access on October 2019)). In addition, there is a case report of a 70-year-old woman who died of ventricular tachycardia, gastrointestinal disturbances, hypotension and hypokalemia after ingesting barium chloride (unknown amount) (ATSDR (2007), HSDB (Access on October 2019)). (3) There is a description that soluble barium compounds including this substance may cause local irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and skin (HSDB (Access on October 2019)).
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (cardiovascular system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) and (2), since soluble barium compounds, including this substance, were estimated to cause effects on the cardiovascular system due to hypokalemia in humans, it was classified in Category 1 (cardiovascular system). Besides, new information sources were used to review them and the classification result was changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1)There is a report that increases in the prevalence of hypertension, heart disease, or stroke were found in the human population in a residential area where drinking water containing soluble barium such as barium chloride had been consumed. In addition, increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease and heart disease (arteriosclerosis) in another similar community was observed (ATSDR (2007)). (2) Increased incidence of hypertension among workers exposed to soluble barium at mean levels of 1.07 mg/m3 by mixing and grinding various grades of barium at a mineral processing facility is reported (CICAD 33 (2001)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) The barium ion is a chemical antagonist of potassium, and barium induces hypokalemia by promoting a transfer of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (4) In studies in which barium chloride (CAS RN 10361-37-2) or barium chloride dihydrate (CAS RN 10326-27-9) was administered by drinking water to rats or mice for 13 weeks or 2 years, effects on the kidney (death from nephropathy, tubule dilatation) were observed at doses exceeding Category 2 in all studies, and kidney is described to be the most sensitive target organ in experimental animals (ATSDR (2007)). (5) Barium chloride was classified in Category 1 (cardiovascular system, nervous system, muscular system, kidney) (GHS Classification Result in FY2014).
10	Aspiration hazard	*	- -	-	-	[Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 3	- -	H402	P273 P501	Acute toxicity data were not obtained for barium chloride dihydrate. However, from 48-hour EC50 14.5 mg Ba/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) for barium chloride anhydrate (25.8 mg/L as barium chloride dihydrate) (SIDS, 2013), it was classified in Category 3.
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Category 3	- -	H412	P273 P501	Reliable chronic toxicity data were not obtained. Although the dynamics of the inorganic compound in the environment are unknown, it was classified in Category 3 because it was classified in Category 3 in acute toxicity.
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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