Item | Information |
---|---|
CAS RN | 602-01-7 |
Chemical Name | 2,3-Dinitrotoluene |
Substance ID | R02-B-011-MHLW, MOE |
Classification year (FY) | FY2020 |
Ministry who conducted the classification | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)/Ministry of the Environment (MOE) |
New/Revised | Revised |
Classification result in other fiscal year | FY2006 |
Download of Excel format | Excel file |
Item | Information |
---|---|
Guidance used for the classification (External link) | GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2019 revised edition (Ver. 2.0)) |
UN GHS document (External link) | UN GHS document |
Definitions/Abbreviations (Excel file) | Definitions/Abbreviations |
Model Label by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
Model SDS by MHLW (External link) | MHLW Website (in Japanese Only) |
OECD/eChemPortal (External link) | eChemPortal |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Explosives | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties, a nitro group, present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1 in UNRTDG (UN3454), and it does not correspond to explosives, hazards of the highest precedence, it was classified as "Not classified." |
2 | Flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
3 | Aerosols | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Not aerosol products. It was classified as "Not classified." |
4 | Oxidizing gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
5 | Gases under pressure | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
6 | Flammable liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
7 | Flammable solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | No data available. Besides, there is information that it is combustible (ICSC (2005)). |
8 | Self-reactive substances and mixtures | Type G |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties, a nitro group, present in the molecule, but because it is classified in Division 6.1 in UNRTDG (UN3454), and it is considered to be not applicable to self-reactive substances and mixtures, hazards of the highest precedence, it was classified in Type G. |
9 | Pyrophoric liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
10 | Pyrophoric solids | Not classified |
- |
- | - | It was classified as "Not classified" because it is classified in Division 6.1 in UNRTDG (UN3454), and it does not correspond to pyrophoric substances, hazards of the highest precedence. |
11 | Self-heating substances and mixtures | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid (melting point <= 140 deg C) substances are not available. |
12 | Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At). It was classified as "Not classified." |
13 | Oxidizing liquids | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
14 | Oxidizing solids | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine), which is chemically bonded to the element other than carbon or hydrogen (N). However, the classification is not possible due to no data. |
15 | Organic peroxides | Not classified (Not applicable) |
- |
- | - | Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule. It was classified as "Not classified." |
16 | Corrosive to metals | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | Classification is not possible because test methods applicable to solid substances are not available. |
17 | Desensitized explosives | Not classified |
- |
- | - | There is a chemical group associated with explosive properties, a nitro group, present in the molecule, but this substance was classified as "Not classified" for desensitized explosives because a pure substance does not correspond to any hazard class in explosives. |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Acute toxicity (Oral) | Category 4 |
Warning |
H302 | P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501 |
[Please also refer to dinitrotoluene (isomer mixture) (CAS RN 25321-14-6) when the classification result for this substance was "Classification not possible" for health hazards. Information on dinitrotoluene (isomer mixture) was considered to be useful, although it was impossible to identify the effects of each isomer on health hazards.] [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in Category 4 from (1) - (4). [Evidence Data] (1) LD50 for rats: 911 mg/kg (MAK (DFG) vol.6 (1994), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006), GESTIS (Access on April 2020), HSDB (Access on April 2020)) (2) LD50 for rats: 1,102 mg/kg (MAK (DFG) vol.6 (1994)) (3) LD50 for rats: 1,120 mg/kg (ATSDR (2016)) (4) LD50 for rats: 1,122 mg/kg (MAK (DFG) vol.6 (1994)) |
1 | Acute toxicity (Dermal) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases) | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Solid (GHS definition). It was classified as "Not classified." |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
1 | Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists) | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
2 | Skin corrosion/irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified as "Not classified" from (1) - (3). The classification result was changed due to new data obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) This substance was slightly irritating in a skin irritation test with rabbits (Draize test) (Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2009), MAK (DFG) vol.6 (1994), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (2) This substance was not irritating in an eye irritation test with rabbits, but it was very slightly irritating to the skin (GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). (3) This substance is a skin irritant (HSDB (Access on April 2020)). |
3 | Serious eye damage/eye irritation | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified as "Not classified" from (1), (2). The classification result was changed due to new data obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) None of six isomers of dinitrotoluene, including this substance, was irritating to the rabbit eye in an eye irritation test with rabbits (Draize test) (Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2009), MAK (DFG) vol.6 (1994), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (2) This substance was not irritating in an eye irritation test with rabbits, but it was very slightly irritating to the skin (GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). |
4 | Respiratory sensitization | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
4 | Skin sensitization | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified as "Not classified" from (1). The classification result was changed due to new data obtained. [Evidence Data] (1) This substance was reported to be negative in a skin sensitization test with guinea pigs (10 animals, sex: unknown) (maximization test) (Risk Assessment Report (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2009), Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005), ATSDR (2016), MAK (DFG) vol.6 (1994), GESTIS (Access on April 2020)). |
5 | Germ cell mutagenicity | Not classified |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified as "Not classified" from (1), (2). [Evidence Data] (1) As for in vivo, it was reported to be negative in a chromosomal aberration test in rat peripheral blood and a comet assay in rat hepatocytes (ATSDR (2016)). (2) As for in vitro, it was reported to be positive and negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests (CEBS (Access on April 2020), ATSDR (2016)). And it was reported to be negative in a gene mutation test in cultured mammalian cells (ATSDR (2016)). [Reference Data, etc.] (3) It was classified in Muta. 2 in EU CLP classification. |
6 | Carcinogenicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] It was classified in 1B in EU CLP in classification results by other organizations in (1), but its rationale was unclear. This was not adopted according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" because there was no knowledge on the carcinogenicity of this substance in humans or experimental animals. [Evidence Data] (1) As for classification results by domestic and international organizations, it was classified in Carc. 1B in EU CLP (EU CLP classification (Access on April 2020)). [Reference Data, etc.] (2) In a test by 104-week diet administration of technical-grade dinitrotoluene (this substance 1.54%, 2,4-DNT 76.49%, 2,5-DNT 0.65%, 2,6-DNT 18.83%, 3,4-DNT 2.43%, 3,5-DNT 0.040%) to rats, neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver, mammary gland fibroadenoma, and subcutaneous fibroma were observed in males and females (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). (3) In an initiation-promotion test in which each isomer of dinitrotoluene (this substance, 2,4-DNT, 2,5-DNT, 2,6-DNT, 3,4-DNT, 3,5-DNT) or technical-grade dinitrotoluene was administered to rats, and gamma-GTP positive foci in the liver were used as a marker, a weak initiating activity was found in 2,6-DNT and technical-grade dinitrotoluene, but no initiating activity was seen in other isomers (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 5 (Ministry of the Environment, 2006)). |
7 | Reproductive toxicity | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification was not possible due to lack of data. [Reference Data, etc.] (1) For various DNT isomers (this substance, 2,4-DNT, 2,5-DNT, 2,6-DNT, 3,4-DNT, 3,5-DNT), 14-day repeated dose toxicity studies using male rats were conducted. As a result, it was found that 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and 3,5-DNT had effects on the male reproductive organs (such as testicular atrophy, a decrease in testicular weight, degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and multinucleated giant cell formation in the testis). On the other hand, this substance, 2,5-DNT, and 3,4-DNT had no effects on the male reproductive organs (such as testicular and epididymal weights and histopathological effects) (ATSDR (2016)). (2) In the EU CLP classification, it was classified as Repr.2 (Classification in EU CLP (Access on April 2020)). |
8 | Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure | Category 2 (blood system), Category 3 (narcotic effects) |
Warning |
H371 H336 |
P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 |
[Rationale for the Classification] There was no report on effects on humans exposed to this substance. Based on (2) and (3), hematological toxicity and depression of the central nervous system were known as acute intoxication by dinitrotoluene, and the information (4) on this substance also indicated related findings. Therefore, it was classified in Category 2 (blood system) and Category 3 (narcotic effects). The information in the information sources was reviewed and the classification result was changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1) The general composition of dinitrotoluene is about 75% of 2,4-DNT and about 20% of 2,6-DNT (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). (2) There was a statement about dinitrotoluene that acute intoxication in humans was caused by formation of methemoglobin, which produced cyanosis, headache, irritability, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, drowsiness, unconsciousness, and possible death (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (3) There was a statement about dinitrotoluene that acute intoxication in experimental animals included central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, muscular incoordination, and cyanosis (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). (4) There was information about this substance that in acute toxicity tests by oral administration to rats and mice, depression of the central nervous system including depression of the respiratory center, coordination disorders, loss of muscle coordination, and bluish discoloration of the skin were observed. The oral LD50 values were 910 to 1,120 mg/kg for rats and 1,070 to 1,370 mg/kg for mice (GESTIS (Access on May 2020). |
9 | Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure | Category 2 (blood system) |
Warning |
H373 | P260 P314 P501 |
[Rationale for the Classification] Based on (1) to (3), it was classified in Category 2 (blood system). The basis for the previous classification was not adopted due to lack of details, and the classification result was changed from the previous classification. [Evidence Data] (1) The general composition of dinitrotoluene is about 75% of 2,4-DNT and about 20% of 2,6-DNT (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). (2) Results of occupational exposure studies and studies in laboratory animals identified the blood system (methemoglobinemia, anemia, and compensatory hematopoiesis) as the most sensitive target of dinitrotoluene-induced toxicity (ATSDR (2016)). (3) There was a report on this substance that in a 14-day oral toxicity test with rats, at 275 mg/kg/day (converted guidance value: 43 mg/kg/day, within the range for Category 2), extramedullary hematopoiesis and lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen, lymphoid depletion, and renal tubular dilatation and renal lymphocytic infiltration in the kidney were observed (ATSDR (2016)). [Reference Data, etc.] (4) Available human data provided only limited evidence, as studies did not include appropriate control groups and exposure concentrations were not reported (ATSDR (2016)). |
10 | Aspiration hazard | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | [Rationale for the Classification] Classification not possible due to lack of data. |
Hazard class | Classification | Pictogram Signal word |
Hazard statement (code) |
Precautionary statement (code) |
Rationale for the classification | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H400 | P273 P391 P501 |
It was classified in Category 1 from 96-hour LC50 = 0.33 mg/L for fish (Lepomis macrochirus) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). |
11 | Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic) | Category 1 |
Warning |
H410 | P273 P391 P501 |
If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified in Category 2 because it is not rapidly degradable (BIOWIN) and due to 21-day NOEC = 1.0 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified in Category 1 because it is not rapidly degradable (BIOWIN) and due to 96-hour LC50 = 0.33 mg/L for fish (Lepomis macrochirus) (Initial Risk Assessment (NITE, CERI, NEDO, 2005)). By drawing a comparison between the above results, it was classified in Category 1. |
12 | Hazardous to the ozone layer | Classification not possible |
- |
- | - | This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol. |
|