NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	100-44-7
Chemical Name	Benzyl chloride
Substance ID	m-nite-100-44-7_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
6	Flammable liquids	Category 4	- Warning	H227	P370+P378 P210 P280 P403 P501	Flash point 67 degC (closed-cup) (ICSC (2004)) is >60 degC and <=93 degC.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	Auto-ignition point is 585 degC (ICSC (2004)) exceeding 70 degC.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine (but not fluorine or oxygen) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available. Information is available that the substance attacks many metals in presence of water (ICSC (2004)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	Based on LD50 values of 440 - 1230 mg/kg (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)) and 1231 mg/kg (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of Environment) vol. 3 (2004)) for rats, the substance was classified into Category 4.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a LDLo value of 10 mL/kg (11000 mg/kg) for guinea pigs (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of Environment) vol. 3 (2004)), the substance was classified as "Not classified".	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 1	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	Based on LC50 values of 0.74 mg/L/2h (4-hour equivalence: 0.52 mg/L = 100 ppmV) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of Environment) vol. 3 (2004)) and 150 ppmV/2h (4-hour equivalence: 106 ppmV) (ACGIH (7th, 2001)) for rats, the category with higher hazard was adopted and the substance was classified into Category 1. Since the test concentration was lower than 90% of saturated vapour pressure concentration (1618 ppmV), the classification criteria for gas was adopted.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	Based on reports of "severe reddening, swelling and subsequent necrotic changes" in a rabbit 24-hour skin irritation test (SIDS (1998)) and "very severe irritation to skin, eyes and mucosa" in human research (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) (2004)), the substance was classified into Category 1. In EU classification, the substance is classified into Xi; R37/38-41 (EU-Annex I (2006)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	Based on a report that "the substance is corrosive to the eyes, and the vapour is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract" (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)) and classification as Xi; R41 in EU classification, the substance was classified into Category 1. Instillation into rabbit eye caused slight reddening and swelling of the conjunctiva and temporary clouding of the cornea (BUA 188 (1996)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Although there is a sensitizing result in a guinea pig intradermal sensitization test (SIDS (1998)), this is data from an earlier time (1936). In addition, this test was not conducted using a recommended method, and details of results are unknown. Therefore, classification was not possible due to lack of other data.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on negative results in micronucleus tests by oral administration (NITE CHRIP (2008), IARC 71 (1999)), intraperitoneal administration (IARC 71 (1999)) and subcutaneous administration (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2008)) to mice (in vivo mutagenicity tests), the substance was classified as "Not classified". As relevant information, from in vitro mutagenicity tests, there are reports of a positive Ames test and a positive CHO cell gene mutation test (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) (2008)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	[Rationale for the Classification] Information on carcinogenicity in humans is limited to (6). Judging from classification results by IARC and Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), (1) and (2) and test results of (3)-(5), the category was revised form the previous classification, and it was classified in Category 1B. [Evidence Data] (1) IARC classified combined exposures to alpha-chlorinated toluenes (benzyl chloride) and benzoyl chloride in Group 2A by stating that there is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for this substance (IARC 71 (1999)). (2) Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified it in Group 2A because it was confirmed to be carcinogenic in animal tests on this substance and positive findings were obtained in mutagenicity tests (OEL Documentations (Carcinogenicity classification) (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2001)). As for classification results by domestic and international organizations other than this, it was classified in A3 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), B2 by EPA (IRIS (1989)), and Carc. 1B in EU CLP (announced in 2008) respectively. (3) In a gavage administration test in rats, thyroid C-cell tumors increased in females, and a few neoplasms in the forestomach were observed in males (IARC 71 (1999), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). (4) In a gavage administration test in mice, increases in papilloma and carcinoma of the forestomach were observed in males and females (IARC 71 (1999), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). (5) Increased incidences of skin carcinomas in a skin application test in mice and sarcomas in the injection sites in a subcutaneous administration test in rats were observed (IARC 71 (1999), OEL Documentations (Carcinogenicity classification) (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2001), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). [Reference Data, etc.] (6) It is reported in studies on small cohorts of workers exposed to various chlorinated toluenes and benzoyl chloride in the UK and the USA that excess incidences of lung cancers were observed (IARC 71 (1999), OEL Documentations (Carcinogenicity classification) (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2001)).	FY2018	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	In developmental toxicity tests in rats and rabbits by oral administration during the organogenesis period, there was no detrimental effect on fetal development in either species (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). However, classification was not possible due to lack of data for sexual function and fertility. In another test in rats by oral administration during the gestation period, increased embryo mortality was observed (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)). However, the result was not used as the basis for the determination of classification since there is a report that the reliability of data is not confirmed due to unknown details (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, nervous system)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	The substance is severely irritating to mucosa. Vapor irritates the respiratory tract, and massive exposure causes pulmonary edema, quadriplegia, unconsciousness, and sometimes death (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 3 (2004)). There is a case report of a worker exposed at 10 mg/m3 who showed asthenia and dysautomonia at the time of health examination (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 3 (2004)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory tract, nervous system). As for animals, decrease in locomotor activity and sedation were observed in rats following oral administration (Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP) (2008)). Irritative symptoms in the respiratory tract, paralysis and pulmonary edema are reported in cats following inhalation exposure (Initial Risk Assessment Report (NITE, CERI, NEDO) No. 122 (2008)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (liver, nervous system, respiratory system), Category 2 (heart)	Danger Warning	H372 H373	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	Workers apparently exposed regularly to substance concentrations of 10 mg/m3 or higher complained of weakness, tiredness, headaches, anorexia and insomnia. Medical examination of these workers revealed liver function disorders with increased serum bilirubin levels. Neurological symptoms such as tremor were also observed (DFGOT vol. 6 (1994)). In a 26-week oral test (3 times weekly) in mice, moderate to severe hyperplasia was observed in the liver (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Based on the data (of human cases primarily), the substance was classified into Category 1 (liver, nervous system). In a 3-week inhalation test in mice, severe lesions in respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium were observed at 240 mg/m3 (90-day equivalent: 40 mg/m3/6h) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). In a 5-week inhalation test in rats, respiratory disorder was observed at 530 mg/m3 (90-day equivalent: 206 mg/m3/6h) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Additionally, in a 5-week inhalation test in guinea pigs, chronic pulmonary edema and hemorrhage were observed at 180 mg/m3 (90-day equivalent: 69 mg/m3/6h) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Since these findings were noted at dose levels within the guidance value range for Category 1, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory system). In a 26-week oral test (3 times weekly) in rats, necrosis of myocardium was observed in the females at 62 mg/kg/day and higher levels. In an oral test in rats (male: 37 weeks, female: 27 weeks), significantly increased incidences of hyperplasia and focal necrosis of myocardium were observed in both sexes at 62 mg/kg/day (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) vol. 4 (2005)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 2 (heart). Degeneration in the thyroid gland noted in the males of 30 mg/kg/day group in a 2-year oral test (3 times weekly) with rats was accompanied by increased incidence of thyroid tumor. This data was used as the basis of classification of carcinogenicity, and was not used as the basis of this classification.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 1	Warning	H400	P273 P391 P501	Classified into Category 1 from its 96h-LC50 = 140 microg/L for Crustacea (Marsupenaeus) (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment), Vol. 4, 2005, etc).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Classified into Not classified since it is rapidly degradable (BOD degradation rate: 70.9% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1975)) and low bioaccumulative potential is estimated (log Kow = 2.3 (PHYSPROP Database, 2009)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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