NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	109-66-0
Chemical Name	n-Pentane
Substance ID	m-nite-109-66-0_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Flammable liquids	Category 2	Danger	H225	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	It was classified in Category 2 based on a flash point of -49 deg C (closed cup) and a boiling point of 36 deg C (ICSC (1999)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PG II (UN1265) in UNRTDG.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 309 deg C (ICSC (1999)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no oxygen, fluorine or chlorine	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to gas substances are not available at 55 deg C of a test temperature.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on reports of an LD50 value of >2,000 mg/kg for rats (ACGIH (7th, 2014), SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)), this substance was classified as "Not classified."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a report of an LD50 value of 3,000 mg/kg for rabbits (SIDS (2010)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." By adding a new information source (SIDS (2010)), the category was revised.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Although there is a report of an LC50 value (4 hours) of >6,106 ppm for rats (SIDS (2010)), the category could not be specified from this datum. Based on a report of an LC50 value (2 hours) of 98,662 ppm (converted 4-hour equivalent value: 69,765 ppm) for mice (EU-RAR (2003)), this substance was classified as "Not classified." Besides, because the LC50 values were lower than 90% of the saturated vapor concentration (526,160 ppm), a reference value in units of ppm was applied as a vapour without a mist.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on a primary irritation index of 0.67 in a skin irritation test with rabbits (OECD TG 404, GLP-compliant), it was judged not to be irritating (SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). In addition, it is described that this substance is not irritating as a result of 24-hour semi-occlusive application to humans (GLP-compliant) (EU-RAR (2003)). On the other hand, it is described that by skin contact with this substance, degreasing and irritation occurred (OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1987)), and that after skin application to volunteers, there was irritation such as pain, burning sensations and blisters, but no information on the test conditions and the degree of irritation were provided. Based on the above, the test result from the study according to the test guideline was adopted, and it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2B	- Warning	H320	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264	In an eye irritation test with rabbits (equivalent to the OECD TG 405, GLP-compliant), since transient conjunctivitis was observed, and the irritation score was 3/110, it was judged to be slightly irritating (SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). Based on these, this substance was classified in Category 2B.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Skin sensitization	Not classified	- -	-	-	This substance was judged not to be sensitizing because no skin reaction induced by sensitization was observed (SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). From the above result, this substance was classified as "Not classified."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	The substance was classified as "Classification not possible" because it was not possible to classify a substance as "Not classified" according to the revised GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. As for in vivo, it was negative in mice dominant lethal tests and a micronucleus test with rat bone marrow cells (SIDS (2010), ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003)). As for in vitro, it was negative in bacterial reverse mutation tests and chromosomal aberration tests with cultured mammalian cells (SIDS (2010), ACGIH (2014), EU-RAR (2003), NTP DB (Access on October 2014)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	In a teratogenicity test with rats through the inhalation route, maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity were not observed. There is a report that in a teratogenicity test with rats by the oral route (gavage), neither maternal toxicity nor fetotoxicity was observed (ACGIH (7th, 2014), SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)). No effect on fetuses was observed as described above. Although this substance was classified as "Not classified" in the previous classification on the basis that no effects on fetuses were seen in a teratogenicity test, and also no effects on genetic organs were observed in a repeated dose toxicity test, sufficient information of fertility was not available, therefore, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)	Warning	H335 H336	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501	This substance showed respiratory tract irritation and narcotic effects (OEL Documentations (Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH), 1987), ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003), PATTY (5th, 2001)). There is a report of dizziness, headache, narcosis and central nervous system depression in humans (ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003), PATTY (5th, 2001), HSDB (Access on September 2014)). In experimental animals, by inhalation exposure of mice, narcotic effects, incoordination and inhibition of righting reflex were observed (EU-RAR (2003), PATTY (5th, 2001)) and were thought to be due to the narcotic effects of this substance. From the above, this substance was classified in Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is a description that 3 out of 5 employees in a belt manufacturing shop who were exposed (exposure concentration and duration are unknown) to a solvent mixture (80% pentane, 14% heptane and 5% n-hexane) complained of central and peripheral nerve symptoms such as anorexia, asthenia, fatigue and bilateral muscle dysfunction (mainly in the legs), electromyographic and nerve conduction tests suggested damage to the peripheral nerves (ACGIH (7th, 2014), SIDS (2010), EU-RAR (2003)), and these adverse effects on the nervous system were thought to be due to the n-hexane in the mixture (ACGIH (7th, 2014), EU-RAR (2003)). In experimental animals, no toxic effect was observed even after administration at up to 20,000 mg/m3 (20 mg/L/6 hours) in a 13-week inhalation test with rats (EU-RAR (2003), SIDS (2010), ACGIH (7th, 2014)). In a 30-week inhalation test with rats exposed to this substance at 8,970 mg/m3 (9 mg/L/6 hours), no signs of neurotoxicity were observed when the presence of neurotoxicity was checked by the measure of hindlimb spread on landing and a histological examination of the nerve tissue (EU-RAR (2003), ACGIH (7th, 2014)). From the above, although it was considered to be "Not classified" through the inhalation route based on findings in the experimental animals, this substance was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data because toxicological information on humans was poor, and no information through other routes was available. Besides, it was classified as "Not classified" in the previous classification based on only data in animal tests through the inhalation route.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Aspiration hazard	Category 1	Danger	H304	P301+P310 P331 P405 P501	Because this substance is a hydrocarbon with a kinematic viscosity of 0.355 mm2/sec (25/20 deg C, calculated by CERI), this substance was classified in Category 1.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 2	- -	H401	P273 P501	It was classified in Category 2 from 48-hour EC50 = 2.7 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EU-RAR, 2003; SIDS, 2010).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (a degradation rate by BOD: 96% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1997)), and 72-hour NOEC(r) = 2 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (EU-RAR, 2003; SIDS, 2010). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to rapid degradability (a degradation rate by BOD: 96% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration Results of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1997)), and a low bioaccumulation estimate (log Kow = 3.39 (EU-RAR, 2003)) despite 48-hour EC50 = 2.7 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EU-RAR, 2003; SIDS, 2010). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in the Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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