NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	109-94-4
Chemical Name	Ethyl formate
Substance ID	m-nite-109-94-4_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Flammable liquids	Category 2	Danger	H225	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	It was classified in Category 2 based on a flash point of -20 deg C (closed cup) and a boiling point of 52-54 deg C (ICSC (2010)). Besides, it is classified in Class 3, PG II (UN1190) in UNRTDG.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 440 deg C (ICSC (2010)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	There were reports of 3 LD50 values of 1,800 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2012)), 1,850 mg/kg (DFGOT vol.19 (2003)), and 4,290 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2012)) for rats. Since 2 values corresponded to Category 4, and one to "Not classified" (Category 5 in UN GHS classification), it was classified in Category 4 to which the larger number of data corresponded.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on reports of LD50 values of 5,000 mg/kg (ACGIH (7th, 2012)) and >20 mL/kg (>18,300 mg/kg) (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)) for rabbits, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 4	Warning	H332	P304+P340 P261 P271 P312	Although there was no report of an LC50 value, based on reports that no dead animals were observed by exposure of rats to this substance at 4,000 ppm (4 hours) (PATTY (6th, 2012)), and that 5/6 animals died by exposure of rats at 8,000 ppm (4 hours) (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), it was classified in Category 4. A new information source (PATTY (6th, 2012)) was added, and the category was revised.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Not classified	- -	-	-	In tests with rabbits, there are reports that no irritation was observed (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol.19 (2003)), and that slight irritation was observed (IUCLID (2000)). In addition, there is a report that no irritation was observed in a patch test in humans (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), IUCLID (2000)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified" (Category 3 in UN GHS classification).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2A	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	In humans, there are reports that slight irritation was observed by exposure to the vapour at 330 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2012)) and that progressive and moderate irritation was observed by exposure at 10,560 ppm (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). In addition, in tests with rabbits, there were reports of inflammation of the cornea (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)), and of moderate irritation (IUCLID (2000)). Based on the result of "moderate irritation" in rabbits, it was classified in Category 2A. Besides, although necrosis of the cornea in a test with rabbits was described in IUCLID (2000), it was not used for classification since there was no description indicative of any irreversible effect in the information sources in List 1 and details of their test method, etc. were unknown. This substance was classified in "Xi: R36" in the EU DSD classification, and in "Eye Irrit. 2" in the EU CLP classification.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that in a test (maximization test) with 23 volunteers, no sensitization was shown to petrolatum containing 4% of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2012), IUCLID (2000)). Since the volunteer test was by application at a concentration of 4%, and details of the test conditions and results were unknown, they were judged inadequate data for classification, and the category was changed.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. There were no in vivo data. As for in vitro, it was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation test (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), NTP DB (Access on July 2014)).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Since it was classified in A4 by ACGIH (ACGIH (7th, 2012)), it was classified as "Classification not possible."	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects)	Danger Warning	H370 H336	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	An exposure on humans caused irritation to the nose and upper respiratory tract, salivation, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema. The substance caused narcotic effects and central nervous system depression effects, leading to death due to circulatory and respiratory failure in some cases. In addition, esophageal burns occurred by oral ingestion of this substance (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on June 2014)). As for experimental animals, there are reports on salivation at 16 mg/L (5,000 ppm), deep narcotic effects, pulmonary edema and death at 32 mg/L (10,000 ppm) by inhalation exposure in cats and pulmonary edema and death at 10,000 ppm by inhalation exposure in dogs (ACGIH (7th, 2012), DFGOT vol. 19 (2003), PATTY (6th, 2012), HSDB (Access on June 2014)). In addition, central nervous system depression at lethal doses in rats, mice, and cats, and tremors, central nervous system depression and death by exposure to the vapour in guinea pigs were reported (PATTY (6th, 2012), IUCLID (2000)). From the above, since effects on the respiratory organs and narcotic effects were observed in humans, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects).	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance was considered no safety concern in normal uses as a food additive by JECFA (JECFA TRS868 (1997)), and this was supported by the statement that no toxic effects were observed even when rats were dosed by feeding for 17 weeks at a concentration of 10,000 ppm in the diet (equivalent to 1,000 mg/kg/day) (DFGOT vol. 19 (2003)). Therefore, it was equivalent to "Not classified" through the oral route. However, although this substance is volatile, and the inhalation route is considered the main exposure route, there was no toxicity information from repeated inhalation exposure. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2014	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.0))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Not classified	- -	-	-	It carried out the outside of Category from 96-hour LC50=230mg/L of fishes (Rainbow trout). (IUCLID, 2000)	FY2006	GHS Classification Manual （10 Feb, 2006）
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Since not water-insoluble (aqueous solubility = 88200 mg/L (PHYSPROP Database, 2005)) and acute toxicity is low.	FY2006	GHS Classification Manual （10 Feb, 2006）
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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