NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	110-54-3
Chemical Name	n-Hexane
Substance ID	m-nite-110-54-3_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
6	Flammable liquids	Category 2	Danger	H225	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	Flash point 22 degC (NFPA (13th, 2006)) is <23 degC and boiling point 69 degC (Howard (1997)) is >35 degC. The substance is classified into Class 3, PG II in UNRTDG (UN1208).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	Auto-ignition point is 225 degC (ICSC (J) (2000)) exceeding 70 degC.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on LD50 values of 15,800, 28,700 and 32,400 mg/kg for rats (EHC 122 (1991)), the substance was classified into "Not classified".	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. As relevant information, although rabbits died at 5 mL/kg (3297 mg/kg) (PATTY (5th, 2001)), the details are unknown.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on LC50 values of 48,000 ppm/4h (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment), vol. 1 (2002)) and 74,000 ppm/4h (EHC 122 (1991)) for rats, the substance was classified as "Not classified". Since the saturated vapour pressure concentration is 157,895 ppmV (1 bar = 750 mmHg, vapour pressure: 160 mbar (20 degC), Hommel (1996)), the classification criteria for gas was adopted.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	Slight irritation of rabbit skin was observed after semi-occlusive application for 24-hour (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)). For humans, after occlusive application to the skin for 1 to 5-hour, erythema was observed. After 5-hour, formation of blisters was observed. The application of 1.5 mL to the skin of the forearm caused a stabbing and burning sensation and transient erythema (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)). Additionally, the substance is classified into Xi; R38 in EU classification (EU-Annex I (access on July 2005)). Based on these data, the substance was classified into Category 2.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2	Warning	H319	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264 P280	Based on a result of "slight irritation" after application of 0.1 mL to the eyes in a rabbit test (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)), the substance was classified into Category 2.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	In a skin sensitizing test (maximization test) with 25 volunteers, negative results were reported for n-Hexane (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000), WHO (World Health Organization) (1991). IPCS-Environmental health criteria 122, WHO, Genf.). However, this information is not sufficiently convincing to judge that the substance is not sensitizing, therefore classification was not possible due to lack of sufficient data.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Not classified	- -	-	-	Based on negative results in a mouse dominant lethal test by inhalation exposure (in vivo heritable germ cell mutagenicity test) (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000), ATSDR (1999)), a mouse erythrocyte micronucleus test by inhalation exposure (ATSDR (1999)) and a rat and mouse bone marrow chromosomal aberration tests by inhalation exposure (in vivo somatic cell mutagenicity test) (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)), the substance was classified as "Not classified". As relevant information, although there is a report of positive in vivo chromosomal aberration tests using rat germ cells and bone marrow, the finding cannot be regarded as evidence of clastogenic effects due to methodology shortcomings (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)). From in vitro mutagenicity tests, there are reports of negative Ames tests (EHC 122 (1993), ATSDR (1999)), 5178Y lymphoma assay (EHC 122 (1991)) and a negative CHO cell chromosomal aberration test (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	In 2-year inhalation tests in rats and mice (GLP), no increases in incidences of tumors in any tissue were observed in male and female of rats, but a significant increase in incidence of hepatocellular neoplasia (Liver ademonas) was observed in female mice (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)). Classification was not possible due to insufficient information for judgment and a lack of classifications by other organizations.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 2	Warning	H361	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	In a two-generation reproductive test by inhalation exposure to rats, there were no effects on parental sexual function and fertility in either generation (F0 or F1) (DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)). Inhalation exposure of pregnant rats to 500 - 1500 ppm during gestation resulted in increased resorptions rates (EHC 122 (1991)). Following inhalation exposure to rats on days 6 - 17 of gestation, the number of live fetuses per litter was significantly reduced at the 5,000 ppm dose level, with a significant concentration dependent trend (ATSDR (1999)). These effects were observed at dose levels in which a reduced body weight gain was observed in maternal animals. In addition, the substance is classified into R62 in EU classification, and into "C" in MAC. Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 2. In contrast, there is a report that the exposure of pregnant rats to 1000 ppm on days 8 - 16 of gestation did not result in a significant increase in resorptions rate (EHC 122 (1991)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 3 (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)	Warning	H336 H335	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312 P405 P501	Dizziness in an inhalation test with human volunteers and sleepiness in exposed workers are reported (EHC 122 (1991)). In inhalation tests in rats and mice, ataxia, loss of coordination, sedation and narcosis were observed (EHC 122 (1991), PATTY (5th, 2001)). Based on these results, the substance was classified into Category 3 (narcotic effects). In addition, based on a report that irritation (or possibility of irritation) of the throat or upper respiratory tract occurred in humans after inhalation exposure (ACGIH (7th, 2001) and a report that inhalation in mice resulted in irritation of the respiratory tract (PATTY (5th, 2001)), the substance was classified into Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (nervous system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There are numerous case reports of polyneuropathy, peripheral neuropathy and polyneuritis caused by occupational exposure to the substance (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) (2002), EHC 122 (1991), ACGIH (7th, 2001), DFGOT vol. 14 (2000), PATTY (4th, 1994), ATSDR (1999)). In many epidemiological tests of humans exposed to the substance, a relationship between exposure and the adverse effects was reported (Initial Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals (Ministry of the Environment) (2002), Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) Recommendations for allowable concentrations (1993), DFGOT vol. 14 (2000), ATSDR (1999)). Based on the results of human case reports and epidemiological tests, the substance was classified into Category 1 (nervous system). In animal tests, peripheral neuropathy, neurobehavioral effects, axonal degeneration of the tibial nerve, weakness of the hind-limb and decreased nerve conduction velocity were observed by repeated inhalation or oral exposure to rats (PATTY (5th, 2001), EHC 122 (1991), DFGOT vol. 14 (2000)). Most of the symptoms are in common with those in humans.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
10	Aspiration hazard	Category 1	Danger	H304	P301+P310 P331 P405 P501	Since the substance is a hydrocarbon with a kinematic viscosity of 20.5 mm2/s or less at 40 degC, the substance was classified into Category 1. There is a report that aspiration caused chemical pneumonitis in rats (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 2	- -	H401	P273 P501	Classified into Category 2 from its 48h-LC50 = 3.88 mg/L for Crustacea (Daphnia magna) (EHC 122, 1991).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	Classified into Not classified since it is rapidly degradable (BOD degradation rate: 100% (Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of Existing Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, 1996)) and low bioaccumulative potential is estimated (log Kow = 3.9 (PHYSPROP Database, 2009)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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