NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	110-91-8
Chemical Name	Morpholine
Substance ID	m-nite-110-91-8_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Category 3	Warning	H226	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	Based on a flash point of 31 deg C (closed cup) (GESTIS (Access on June 2017)), it was classified in Category 3. Besides, it is classified in Class 8, Subsidiary risk 3, PGI in UNRTDG (UN 2054).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 275 deg C (GESTIS (Access on June 2017)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing oxygen (but not fluorine or chlorine) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	There is the information that it is corrosive to metals (HSDB (Access on June 2017)), but the classification is not possible due to no data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 4	Warning	H302	P301+P312 P264 P270 P330 P501	Based on the reports of LD50 values for rats of 1,050 mg/kg (EHC 179 (1996), IARC 47 (1989), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)), 1,420 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), 1,600 mg/kg (EHC 179 (1996), PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2015)), 1,610 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), and 1,900 mg/kg (EHC 179 (1996), SIDS (2015)), it was classified in Category 4.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 3	Danger	H311	P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501	Based on the reports of LD50 values for rabbits of 310 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), 500 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), 810 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), and 0.5 mL/kg (504 mg/kg) (EHC 179 (1996), IARC 47 (1989), PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2015)), it was classified in Category 3.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 3	Danger	H331	P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P311 P321 P405 P501	Based on the reports of LC50 values of 7.8 mg/L (2,192 ppm) (female) and 8.2 mg/L (2,304 ppm) (male) in a 4-hour inhalation test with rats (both in EHC 179 (1996)), it was classified in Category 3. Besides, since the LC50 values are lower than 90% of the saturated vapor pressure concentration (10,495 ppm), a reference value in the unit of ppm was applied as vapor with little mist.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	Based on the description that this substance is corrosive to the human skin (SIDS (2015)), and multiple test reports that necrosis occurred due to the application of this substance in skin irritation tests with rabbits (EHC 179 (1996), IARC 47 (1989), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012), SIDS (2015)), it was classified in Category 1. Besides, in the EU CLP classification, this substance was classified as "Skin Corr. 1B" (ECHA CL Inventory (Access on June 2017)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	Since it was classified in Category 1 for skin corrosive/irritation, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, as for humans, it is reported that corneal edema was caused by an application of this substance (IARC 47 (1989)), and there is a description of severe irritation (ACGIH (7th, 2001), IARC 47 (1989), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Also, in an eye irritation test with rabbits, an application of this substance caused edema, corneal opacity, and staphyloma (EHC 179 (1996)). The category was changed according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. There is a description that no sensitization was shown in the skin sensitization test by the modified Buehler method with guinea pigs (EHC 179 (1996), PATTY (6th, 2012)). However, since it is a result at a 2% concentration of this substance, and the information on the experimental conditions and results, etc. is not sufficient, it was classified as "Classification not possible."	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	As for in vivo, it is reported that it was negative in a dominant lethal test with rats, negative in a micronucleus test, a chromosomal aberration test, and a gene mutation test with Syrian hamster fetuses, and negative in a chromosome aberration test (SIDS (2015), IARC 47 (1989), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). In addition, it is reported that chromosomal aberration tests with bone marrow cells of rats and guinea pigs were positive, but it is described that there were deficiencies in these tests (EHC 179 (1996)). As for in vitro, it was negative in many of bacterial reverse mutation tests, positive in a mouse lymphoma test, negative in a chromosome aberration test, and negative or positive results in sister chromatid exchange tests with mammalian cultured cells (IARC 47 (1989), SIDS (2015), Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005), EHC 179 (1996), PATTY (6th, 2012)). From the above, it was classified as "Classification not possible" according to the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government. Category 2 in the previous classification was reviewed, and the category was changed.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Carcinogenicity tests with two strains of mice, one strain of rat and one strain of hamster dosed by feeding were conducted. Among them, tests in one strain of mice and hamsters are considered to be inadequate for evaluation due to the small number of animals or short administration period, etc. (IARC 47 (1989), IARC 71 (1999)). No increase in tumor incidence was observed in the test with the other strain of mouse. On the other hand, in the test with rats, a significant increase in incidence of tumors in the lung and liver was shown. Other than these, no significant increase in tumor incidence was seen in a two-year test with rats exposed by inhalation (IARC 47 (1989), IARC 71 (1999)). From the above, IARC classified it in Group 3 since evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals is inadequate (IARC 47 (1989), IARC 71 (1999)). Also, ACGIH classified it in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" for this hazard class.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a report that as a result of gavage administration of this substance to pregnant rats during the organogenesis period (gestational day 6-15), transient clinical signs such as nasal discharge, smudges around the nose, and salivation were observed in the maternal animals, however, no effects on the embryo or fetus were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	It is reported that the liquid and vapor of this substance are irritating to the mucous membranes, and the researcher himself who handled this substance developed nasal irritation and cough (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). As for experimental animals, there is a report that in a 4-hour inhalation exposure test with rats, an increase in respiratory rate and the finding of lung irritation were observed at 73 ppm (0.252 mg/L) within the range of Category 1 (PATTY (6th, 2012)). The information on humans was not adopted as evidence since there is only one case, but in an animal test, the effect on the lung was seen at the dose of Category 1, therefore, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	No information on humans is available. As for experimental animals, in a 13-week inhalation toxicity study with rats exposed to the vapour (6 hours/day, 5 days/week), focal necrosis and necrotic cell debris in the nasal cavity at or above 340 mg/m3 (converted guidance value: 0.25 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2, increases in focal erosion and squamous metaplasia in the turbinate, maxilloturbinate, nasal septum, and anterior nasal cavity, and chronic pneumonia at 920 mg/m3 (converted guidance value: 0.66 mg/L) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005), EHC 179 (1996), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012), IARC 47 (1989)). In a 104-week inhalation toxicity study with rats exposed to the vapour, focal necrosis of the skin, necrosis of the turbinate bones at or above 180 mg/m3 within the guidance value range for Category 1, and inflammation and hyperplasia of the turbinate epithelium in the nasal cavity, corneal inflammation, edema and ulcer in the eyes etc. at 540 mg/m3 (0.54 mg/L) within the guidance value range (vapour) for Category 2 were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005), EHC 179 (1996), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012)). Besides, significant necrosis of the turbinate bone was observed at 180 mg/m3 (0.18 mg/L) in this 104-week study, but in the evaluation documents other than Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005), it is described that effects on the respiratory system were observed only at 540 mg/m3 (0.54 mg/L). From the above, since effects on the nasal cavity considered to be due to irritation are observed as the main effect, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, from the numerical data (viscosity: 2.23 mPa*s (20 deg C), density (specific gravity): 1.007) listed in HSDB (Access on June 2017), the kinematic viscosity was calculated to be 2.21 mm2/sec (20 deg C).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Category 3	- -	H402	P273 P501	From 48-hour EC50 (immobile) = 45 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)), it was classified in Category 3.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, it was classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (non-biodegradable, a degradation rate by BOD: 0% (J-CHECK, 1979)), 21-day NOEC (reproduction inhibition) = 5.0 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (OECD SIDS: 2013), and 72-hour NOEC (rate method) = 30.9 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances vol. 4 (Ministry of the Environment, 2005)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (non-biodegradable, a degradation rate by BOD: 0% (J-CHECK, 1979)), and 96-hour LC50 >100 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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