NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	111-44-4
Chemical Name	Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Substance ID	m-nite-111-44-4_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Category 3	Warning	H226	P303+P361+P353 P370+P378 P403+P235 P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280 P501	A flash point is 55 deg C (closed cup) (GESTIS (Access on September 2017)). Besides, it is classified in Division 6.1, Subsidiary risk 3, PGII in UNRTDG (UN 1916).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not ignite at normal temperatures from an autoignition temperature of 365 deg C (GESTIS (Access on September 2017)).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine and oxygen (but not fluorine) which are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure in the molecule	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	Based on reports of LD50 values for rats of 75 mg/kg (ATSDR (1989), PATTY (6th, 2012)), 105 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg (PATTY (6th, 2012)), it was classified in Category 3.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 3	Danger	H311	P302+P352 P361+P364 P280 P312 P321 P405 P501	Based on the report of an LD50 value for rabbits of 870 mg/kg (ATSDR (1989)), it was classified in Category 3.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 1	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	There are reports of 20 ppm (CaPSAR (1993)) and 330 mg/m3 (56.4 ppm) (ChemID (Access on January 2018)) as LC50 values in 4-hour inhalation exposure tests with rats, both of which correspond to Category 1. In addition, although it is not an LC50 value, there is a report that in a 4-hour inhalation exposure test with rats, the lethal LOAEL is 250 ppm corresponding to Category 2, and about half the animals died (ATSDR (1989)). By adopting the category with the largest number of cases and the higher hazard from these pieces of information, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, since the exposure concentrations are lower than 90% of the saturated vapor pressure concentration (2,046 ppm), a reference value in the unit of ppm was applied as vapour with little mist.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 2	Warning	H315	P302+P352 P332+P313 P362+P364 P264 P280 P321	There are multiple descriptions that skin irritation was seen after an application of this substance in skin irritation tests with rabbits (ATSDR (1989), BUA 21 (1987)), therefore, it was classified in Category 2.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 2B	- Warning	H320	P305+P351+P338 P337+P313 P264	Based on descriptions that in an eye irritation test with rabbits, moderate pain, conjunctival irritation and corneal injury, which resolved within 24 hours occurred (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), and that in another test with rabbits, moderate eye irritation was shown (ATSDR (1989), PATTY (6th, 2012)), and that moderate to strong eye irritation was shown although the test animal is unknown (BUA 21 (1987)), it was classified in Category 2B.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	As for in vivo, it was negative in a DNA binding test with rat liver (IARC 71 (1999), ATSDR (1989)). As for in vitro, it was positive in a bacterial reverse mutation test (ATSDR (1989), EHC 201 (1998), NTP DB (Access on September 2017)). From the above, it was classified as "Classification not possible" according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2	Warning	H351	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Among two epidemiological studies on workers exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane and ethylene chlorohydrin together with this substance, in one study, an excess of pancreatic cancers, and lymphatic and hematopoietic tumors were suggested, while in the other one, no excess of tumors was shown (IARC 71 (1999)). As for experimental animals, in tests in which two strains of mice were given by gavage 100 mg/kg/day of this substance from postnatal day 7 and were given by feeding 300 ppm after 4 weeks of age for 18 months, both strains showed increases in the incidence of liver tumors (hepatomas) (IARC 71 (1999), IRIS (1987), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). In addition, there is a report that in a test with female mice dosed subcutaneously, a development of sarcomas at the injection site was observed although in a low incidence (IARC 71 (1999), IRIS (1987), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). On the other hand, in a test in which rats were dosed by gavage at up to 50 mg/kg/day for 78 weeks and necropsied after two years, no increase in the tumor incidence was observed (IARC 71 (1999), IRIS (1987), ACGIH (7th, 2001)). IARC classified it in Group 3 because there was limited evidence for carcinogenicity in experimental animals (IARC 71 (1999)). ACGIH also classified it in A4 (ACGIH (7th, 2001): proposed in 1995). On the other hand, EPA classified it in B2 (IRIS (1987)) based on positive results in two strains of mice and evidence of mutagenicity in bacteria, and EU in Carc. 2 (ECHA CL Inventory (Access on August 2017)). As described above, it can be classified in Category 2, Category 1B or as "Classification not possible" from the results of carcinogenicity classification by other organizations. However, since there was an increase in the incidence of tumors (unknown whether benign or malignant) only in one species from animal test results, it is assumed that there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animal experiments, therefore, it was judged as appropriate to classify it in Category 2 for this hazard class. Besides, classification result was revised from the previous classification (FY 2006: "Not classified").	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects)	Danger Warning	H370 H336	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501 P304+P340 P403+P233 P261 P271 P312	As for humans, there is a report that in a test in which volunteers were exposed by inhalation to the vapor of this substance for brief periods, intolerable irritation of the eyes and nose, coughing, retching, and nausea occurred at or above 550 ppm (ATSDR (1989), CaPSAR (1993), ACGIH (7th, 2001), PATTY (6th, 2012), OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1967)). In addition, although the details are not included, there is a description that narcotic effects are manifested at high concentration but these narcotic effects are concealed because of a strong stimulatory effect (OEL Documentations (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 1967)). As for experimental animals, for single inhalation exposure tests with guinea pigs, there are reports that irritation of the nose at 35 ppm (0.2 mg/L), and congestion, edema and hemorrhage in the lung at or above 100 ppm (0.59 mg/L) were observed (ATSDR (1989)), and that death occurred due to inhalation exposure at 500 ppm (2.93 mg/L) for 90 minutes (converted to 4-hour equivalent value: 1.79 mg/L), and the main cause of death was lung damage (ACGIH (7th, 2001)). The doses where lung effects were observed in experimental animals correspond to Category 1. In addition, there is a report that in a single inhalation exposure test with guinea pigs exposed by inhalation, at or above 100 ppm, lethargy and decreased coordination began within several hours, and there was a case of lost consciousness after that, resulting in death (ATSDR (1989)). From the above, it was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs), Category 3 (narcotic effects).	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No information on humans is available. As for experimental animals, there is a report that in a 130-day inhalation toxicity study (93 exposures, 7 hours/day, 5 days/week) with rats or guinea pigs exposed to the vapour, only decreased body weight gain was observed in both animal species at 69 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.47 mg/L) within the guidance value range for Category 2, and it is described that there was no serious injury, and this was an abnormality which reflected slight physical responses to stress (PATTY (6th, 2012), ACGIH (7th, 2001), ATSDR (1989)). This study is a test of one concentration of 69 ppm (converted guidance value: 0.47 mg/L), which is within the guidance value range for Category 2 (0.2 mg/L < C <= 1.0 mg/L), however, since the concentration is lower than the upper limit, the effect near the upper limit is unknown. Therefore, it was classified as "Classification not possible" due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Not classified	- -	-	-	From 72-hour EC50 (rate method) = 340 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), 96-hour LC50 >100 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (both Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)), and 48-hour EC50 = 240 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna) (WHO EHC: 1998), it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Not classified	- -	-	-	If chronic toxicity data are used, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (non-biodegradable, a degradation rate by BOD: 8.3% (J-CHECK, 1977)), 21-day NOEC (reproduction inhibition) = 3.1 mg/L for crustacea (Daphnia magna), and 72-hour NOEC (rate method) = 56 mg/L for algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) (both Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)). If acute toxicity data are used for a trophic level for which chronic toxicity data are not obtained, then it is classified as "Not classified" due to being not rapidly degradable (non-biodegradable, a degradation rate by BOD: 8.3% (J-CHECK, 1977)), and 96-hour LC50 >100 mg/L for fish (Oryzias latipes) (Results of Aquatic Toxicity Tests of Chemicals conducted by Ministry of the Environment in Japan (Ministry of the Environment, 2017)). From the above results, it was classified as "Not classified."	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2017	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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