NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	1307-96-6
Chemical Name	Cobalt(II) oxide
Substance ID	m-nite-1307-96-6_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	MHLW Website (in Japanese Only)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Flammable solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2004)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2004)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is not combustible (ICSC (2004)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified	- -	-	-	It is estimated that it does not react vigorously with water because water solubility was measured. Water solubility: 3.13 mg/L (GESTIS (Access on August 2015))	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
14	Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound containing oxygen (but not halogen), but the classification is not possible due to no data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	It is an inorganic compound.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to solid substances are not available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 3	Danger	H301	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	Based on the LD50 values for rats of 159 mg/kg (ATSDR (2004)), 202 mg/kg (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)), this substance was classified in Category 3.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Solid (GHS definition)	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a description that this substance may cause mechanical irritation (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data. Besides, there is a description that this substance may cause mechanical irritation (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334	P304+P340 P342+P311 P261 P284 P501	Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified cobalt compounds in occupational sensitizers to the airway Group 1 (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2015)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, there is a description that not all substances related to sensitization are identified (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2015)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
4	Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317	P302+P352 P333+P313 P362+P364 P261 P272 P280 P321 P501	Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) classified cobalt compounds in occupational skin sensitizers Group 1 (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2015)). Therefore, it was classified in Category 1. Besides, there is a description that not all substances related to sensitization are identified (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH), 2015)). Besides, this substance is classified as "Skin sens. 1 H317" in EU CLP classification (ECHA CL Inventory (Access on September 2015)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 2	Warning	H351	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Though it is not this substance itself, there were multiple epidemiologic studies which suggested a relationship between occupational exposure to cobalt or cobalt compounds and lung cancer mortality. All of these were evaluated by IARC and the groups were concurrently exposed to nickel or arsenic, etc. or concurrently exposed to other hard-metal dusts, and the effects were not due to cobalt alone. Therefore, it was concluded that the evaluable information on carcinogenicity in humans was insufficient (IARC 52 (1991)). On the other hand, as for the experimental animals, positive results were obtained as follows: sarcoma was observed in the local injection site of rats 25-74 weeks after intramuscular injection of this substance powder (cobalt oxide) in two tests (20-30 mg/rat, single dose); benign or malignant pulmonary tumors increased at a low incidence 2 years after intratracheal injection of cobalt oxide powder suspension in saline at constant intervals to rats; and an increase in local tumors (histiocytoma, sarcoma, mesothelioma) was observed in tests with rats by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of cobalt oxide powder (IARC 52 (1991)). In contrast, there was a report that it was negative in one test, in which hamsters were exposed to cobalt oxide dust by inhalation (10 mg/m3, exposed through the life), however, IARC concluded there was enough evidence for carcinogenicity of cobalt oxide in the experimental animals, and classified carcinogenicity of cobalt and cobalt compounds as a whole in "Group 2B" (IARC 52 (1991)). Other than this, ACGIH classified cobalt (elemental and inorganic compounds) as "A3" (ACGIH (7th, 2001)), Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) classified cobalt and cobalt compounds as "2B" (Recommendation of Occupational Exposure Limits (2015)). From the above, this substance was classified in Category 2 for this hazard class according to the GHS classification guidance for the Japanese government. Besides, IARC evaluated the carcinogenicity of metallic cobalt particles in 2006 and classified cobalt metal with tungsten carbide in Group 2A because there is limited evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer by occupational exposure at production facilities, but classified cobalt metal without tungsten carbide in Group 2B (IARC 86 (2006)).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
7	Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (liver), Category 2 (heart)	Danger Warning	H370 H371	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	There is no human data on this substance. As for experimental animals, reported were hyperemia of the liver, structural change in hepatocytes observed by oral dose (157.3 mg/kg, corresponding to Category 1) to rats and proliferation of the heart interstitial cells, hypertrophy and degeneration of the myocardial fiber observed by oral dose (795 mg/kg, corresponding to Category 2) to rats (ATSDR (2004)) only. From the above, the heart and the liver were selected as the target organs, and it is classified in Category 1 (liver) and Category 2 (heart).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs, thyroid, blood system)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	There is no toxicity information on humans with obvious exposure to this substance itself. Regarding the health effects of cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans, there is the following information, which is considered to be available for the hazard assessment of this substance: It is described that in workers exposed to airborne cobalt during diamond polishing, the chief complaints of symptoms in the respiratory organs such as coughs, and effects on lung function (significant decreases in the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF)) were observed as the cases of high concentration exposure (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006), ACGIH (7th, 2001)); and it is described that in workers in cobalt refineries, skin lesions (eczema, erythema), respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, wheezing, chronic bronchitis), decreased pulmonary function, anemia (decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit value), and effects on thyroid function (low T3 values, abnormal values in thyroid hormones) were observed (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006), ACGIH (7th, 200)). Among the symptoms listed above, the skin lesions were thought to be due to skin sensitization. It was, therefore, deemed to be findings out of the scope of the specific target organs. In experimental animals, there is a description that in a test in which hamsters were exposed to this substance by whole life inhalation, pulmonary emphysema, proliferative change in the alveolar epithelium and distal bronchus were observed at 10 mg/m3 (converted guidance value: 0.0083 mg/L/6 hr/day) (Environmental Risk Assessment for Chemical Substances Vol.11 (Ministry of the Environment, 2013), CICAD 69 (2006)). From the above, it is considered appropriate to regard the effects of repeated exposure to cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans as those by repeated exposure to this substance. Therefore, this substance was classified in Category 1 (respiratory organs, thyroid, haemal system).	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Classification not possible due to lack of data.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2015	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government (FY2013 revised edition (Ver. 1.1))

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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