NITE - Chemical Management Field

Latest GHS Classification Results by the Japanese Government (edited by NITE)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Item	Information
CAS RN	505-60-2
Chemical Name	Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, (Mustard gas)
Substance ID	m-nite-505-60-2_v1
Download of Excel format	Excel file

REFERENCE INFORMATION

Item	Information
Guidance used for the classification (External link)	To Guidance List
UN GHS document (External link)	To UN GHS document
FAQ（GHS classification results by the Japanese Government）	To FAQ
List of Information Sources (Excel file)	List of Information Sources
List of Definitions/Abbreviations	Definitions/Abbreviations
Sample Label by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
Sample SDS by MHLW (External link)	To Workplace Safety Site (MHLW)
OECD/eChemPortal (External link)	To OECD/eChemPortal (External link)

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Explosives	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecules.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
2	Flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
3	Aerosols	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Not aerosol products	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Oxidizing gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
5	Gases under pressure	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
6	Flammable liquids	Not classified	- -	-	-	Flash point 105 degC (Sax (8th, 1992)) is >93 degC.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
7	Flammable solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
8	Self-reactive substances and mixtures	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
9	Pyrophoric liquids	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
10	Pyrophoric solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
11	Self-heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	Test methods applicable to liquid substances are not available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
12	Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The chemical structure of the substance does not contain metals or metalloids (B, Si, P, Ge, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Po, At).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
13	Oxidizing liquids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	The substance is an organic compound containing chlorine (but not fluorine or oxygen) which is chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
14	Oxidizing solids	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
15	Organic peroxides	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Organic compounds containing no bivalent -O-O- structure	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
16	Corrosive to metals	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
17	Desensitized explosives	-	- -	-	-	-	-	-

HEALTH HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
1	Acute toxicity (Oral)	Category 2	Danger	H300	P301+P310 P264 P270 P321 P330 P405 P501	Based on a LD50 value of 17 mg/kg for rats (ATSDR (2003)), the substance was classified into Category 2.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Dermal)	Category 1	Danger	H310	P302+P352 P361+P364 P262 P264 P270 P280 P310 P321 P405 P501	Based on LD50 values of 100 mg/kg for rabbits (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)), 18 mg/kg (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)) and 9 mg/kg (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)) for rats, the category with higher hazard was adopted and the substance was classified into Category 1.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Gases)	Not classified (Not applicable)	- -	-	-	Liquid (GHS definition)	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours)	Category 1	Danger	H330	P304+P340 P403+P233 P260 P271 P284 P310 P320 P405 P501	LC50 values are 100 mg/m3/10 min (15 ppm/10 min.) and 280 mg/m3/10 min (43 ppm/10 min) for rats (HSDB (2008)). Since a lethal effect was observed for 10 minute exposures at the concentration of the criterion value or lower for Category 1 (100 ppm for gas, based on saturated vapour pressure concentration (0.94 mg/L)), the substance was classified into Category 1.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
1	Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Dusts and mists)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
2	Skin corrosion/irritation	Category 1	Danger	H314	P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P305+P351+P338 P304+P340 P260 P264 P280 P310 P321 P363 P405 P501	Exposure of human skin causes erythema and blister formation, or burn and blister formation (ATSDR (2003)). These findings were compatible with histopathological changes of the chemical burns (HSDB (2008)). Soldiers who volunteered to be exposed to skin contact during World War I had erythema and burns (ATSDR (2003)). Necrosis was complete at 4 to 6 days following exposure, and separation of necrotic slough and re-epithelialization was initiated at 16 - 20 days. Healing took 3 - 8 weeks (HSDB (2008)). Based on these information, the substance was classified into Category 1.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
3	Serious eye damage/eye irritation	Category 1	Danger	H318	P305+P351+P338 P280 P310	In a human exposure clinical test, ocular effects including conjunctivitis, blepharokeratoconjunctivitis, a burning sensation, photophobia, edema of the eyelids, corneal edema and abrasion, blurred vision and temporarily blindness was reported (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003)). Ocular injury with the liquid substance is far more damaging to the cornea than vapour-induced injury, increasing the risk of perforation of the cornea, which may lead to permanent loss of vision (HSDB (2008)). Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 1. When the liquid was applied to the eye of rabbits, the histological features were nuclear pyknosis, necrosis and loss of polarity of corneal epithelial basal cells at 6 and 9-hour, and corneal epithelial cells presented degenerative changes, with the epithelium eventually detaching from the underlying basement membrane at 24-hour (HSDB (2008)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Respiratory sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
4	Skin sensitization	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
5	Germ cell mutagenicity	Category 1B	Danger	H340	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Based on positive results in rat dominant lethal test by inhalation or oral exposure (in vivo heritable germ cell mutagenicity test) (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003)), the substance was classified into Category 1B. As relevant information, there is a report of a positive guinea pig DNA adduct formation test (in vivo somatic cell genotoxicity test) (HSDB (2008)). From in vitro mutagenicity tests, there are reports of a positive Ames (ATSDR (2003)), positive mouse lymphoma gene mutation and chromosomal aberration tests (ATSDR (2003), DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)) and a positive rat lymphosarcoma cell chromosomal aberration test (IARC 9 (1975)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
6	Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	Based on the classifications of "Group 1" in IARC (IARC suppl. 7 (1987)), Category 1 in Japan Society For Occupational Health (JSOH) (Recommendations for allowable concentrations (2005)) and "K" in NTP (NTP ROC No. 11 (2005)), the substance was classified into Category 1A. Many worldwide epidemiological tests were conducted on humans exposed to mustard gas in battlefields or manufacturing plants during World War I or World War II (IARC vol. 9 (1987)). These tests demonstrated a relationship between mustard gas exposure and respiratory cancer and the findings suggest or strongly suggest an elevated risk of respiratory cancer associated with the exposure. Among limited animal test data, there is a report that the incidence of lung tumours significantly increased in comparison with the control groups in mice after inhalation exposure (IARC suppl. 7 (1987)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
7	Reproductive toxicity	Category 1B	Danger	H360	P308+P313 P201 P202 P280 P405 P501	An increased rate of fetal deaths and increased incidence of congenital malformations among offspring were reported in progenies of Iranian survivors of chemical attacks that included sulfur mustard during the Iran-Iraq War. Numerous men were diagnosed as azoospermia or severe oligospermia in testicular biopsies (ATSDR (2003), HSDB (2008)). However, these individuals may were exposed to other agents instead of sulfur mustard (ATSDR (2003)). The substance is not a known human reproductive toxicant but is presumed to have reproductive and developmental toxicity effects in humans, therefore the substance was classified into Category 1B. In a dominant lethal test in rats where orally exposed male rats were mated to untreated females, a significant increase in the mean number of early resorptions per litter, a significant increase in postimplantation losses and a significant increase in percentage of abnormal sperm were detected, demonstrating the male dominant lethal effect of the substance (ATSDR (2003)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
8	Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure	Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, gastrointestinal system, hematopoietic system, urinary system)	Danger	H370	P308+P311 P260 P264 P270 P321 P405 P501	There are case reports of humans (mainly soldiers) exposed to mustard gas in World War I and the Iran-Iraq War. There are numerous reports of epidemiological tests for the substance (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003), HSDB (2008)). Significant toxic symptoms noted in the reports include dizziness, loss of corneal reflex, anxiety, agitation, persistent impairment of afferent neuron, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, pneumonia, respiratory failure, cardiovascular disorder, cyanosis, erythrocyte destruction, haemosiderosis, increase and decrease in leukocyte count, bone marrow failure, hemorrhagic nephritis, oliguria, renal failure, diarrhea, hemorrhage in organs (brain, stomach, pancreas, endocardium and epicardium, etc.), keratitis and dermopathy. Various organs, such as nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system, hematopoietic system, urinary system, skin and eye, are affected. Based on these reports, the substance was classified into Category 1 (nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system, hematopoietic system, urinary system).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
9	Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure	Category 1 (respiratory organs)	Danger	H372	P260 P264 P270 P314 P501	Most of the workers in mustard gas production prior to World War II suffered from coughing and sputum production (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992)). In workers exposed in manufacturing plants, significant increased incidence of respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, severe chronic cough, airway obstruction, and pneumonia were reported (DFGOT vol. 4 (1992), ATSDR (2003), HSDB (2008)). Based on the data, the substance was classified into Category 1 (respiratory system). In a 13-week oral test in rats, there was no effect on the respiratory system at dose levels of 0.3 - 0.003 mg/kg/day (ATSDR (2003)).	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
10	Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Hazard class		Classification	Pictogram Signal word	Hazard statement (code)	Precautionary statement (code)	Rationale for the classification	Classification year (FY)	GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Short term (Acute)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
11	Hazardous to the aquatic environment Long term (Chronic)	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	No data available.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）
12	Hazardous to the ozone layer	Classification not possible	- -	-	-	This substance is not listed in Annexes to the Montreal Protocol.	FY2009	GHS Classification Guidance by the Japanese Government （March, 2009）

NOTE:

GHS Classification Result by the Japanese Government is intended to provide a reference for preparing a GHS label or SDS for users. To include the same classification result in a label or SDS for Japan is NOT mandatory.
Users can cite or copy this classification result when preparing a GHS label or SDS. Please be aware, however, that the responsibility for a label or SDS prepared by citing or copying this classification result lies with users.
This GHS classification was conducted based on the information sources and the guidance for classification and judgement which are described in the GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government etc. Using other literature, test results etc. as evidence and including different content from this classification result in a label or SDS are allowed.
Hazard statement and precautionary statement will show by hovering the mouse cursor over a code in the column of "Hazard statement" and "Precautionary statement," respectively. In the excel file, both the codes and statements are provided.
A blank or "-" in the column of "Classification" denotes that a classification for the hazard class was not conducted in the year.
An asterisk “*” in the column of “Classification” denotes that “Not classified (or No applicable)” and/or “Classification not possible” is applicable. Details are described in the column of “Rationale for the classification”. If no English translation is available for “Rationale for the classification,” please refer to the Japanese version of the results.

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